[论文解读] Impact of Weather Conditions on 5G Communication Channel under Connected Vehicles Framework

Esmail Abuhdima, Ahmed El Qaouaq+7 more|arXiv (Cornell University)|Aug 20, 2021

Vehicular Ad Hoc Networks (VANETs)被引用 5

一句话总结

本研究探讨了沙尘暴对车联网环境中5G毫米波（28 GHz）和DSRC（5.9 GHz）通信信道的影响。基于Mie散射模型，量化了不同粒子尺寸、浓度和频率下的路径损耗，并提出了一种新的链路余量模型，显示在高浓度沙尘条件下，28 GHz频段的衰减显著增加，凸显了5G V2X系统在恶劣天气下的关键可靠性挑战。

ABSTRACT

Recent research focused on improving the vehicle-to-vehicle communication (V2V) based on the 5G technology. The V2V application is important because it will reduce the risk of accidents up to 70%-80%, improve traffic management, reduce congestion, and improve fuel consumption. Autonomous vehicles applications require a high bandwidth transmission channel where the 5G communication channel would be a reliable solution to support this disruptive technology. The dedicated short-range communications (DSRC), which is characterized with a frequency bandwidth of 5.9 gigahertz (GHz) (4G spectrum), was used as vehicular connectivity with a bandwidth of up to 200 megabytes per second (mb/s) and limited capacity. The 5G band can support connected multiple autonomous vehicles with high data rates and large bandwidth. In this study, the 5G communication channel is considered as vehicular connectivity with high bandwidth in the millimeter waves spectrum range. The quality of 5G wireless communication channels between connected vehicles possibly be affected by weather conditions such as rain, snow, fog, dust, and sand. In this paper, we estimate the effect of dust and sand on the propagation of millimeter waves. The Mie model is used to investigate the effect of dust and sand storms on the propagating mm-waves. The effect of dust and sand on the communication path loss of DSRC and 5G frequency band is investigated in the case of urban freeway and rural highway settings. Results show that the attenuation of dust and sand is changed when the particle size of sand, frequency of propagating wave, and concentration of dust are changed. Finally, the new model of link margin is created to estimate the effect of dust and sand on DSCR (5.9 GHz) and 5G (28 GHz) communication path loss.

研究动机与目标

• 评估沙尘暴对车联网场景中5G毫米波（28 GHz）和DSRC（5.9 GHz）通信信道的衰减影响。
• 评估粒子尺寸、浓度和频率对城市高速公路和乡村高速公路环境中信号路径损耗的影响。
• 开发一种新的链路余量模型，以量化大气颗粒物对V2X通信可靠性的影响。

提出的方法

• 应用Mie散射模型，模拟毫米波与不同尺寸和浓度的沙尘颗粒之间的相互作用。
• 在不同天气条件下，计算5.9 GHz（DSRC）和28 GHz（5G）频段的路径损耗。
• 在两个真实场景中进行仿真：城市高速公路和乡村高速公路，以反映不同的传播环境。
• 通过将路径损耗数据与系统功率预算参数结合，推导出链路余量模型，以评估链路可靠性。
• 对粒子尺寸、浓度和频率进行敏感性分析，以确定其对信号衰减的相对影响。
• 通过在相同天气条件下对DSRC和5G频段的对比分析，验证结果。

实验结果

研究问题

• RQ1 沙尘和沙粒的尺寸如何影响5G毫米波（28 GHz）和DSRC（5.9 GHz）频段的路径损耗？
• RQ2 粒子浓度对城市和乡村车载通信环境中信号衰减有何影响？
• RQ3 传播波的频率如何影响大气颗粒物引起的信号衰落严重程度？
• RQ4 在沙尘暴条件下，5G频段（28 GHz）的路径损耗相较于DSRC（5.9 GHz）高出多少？
• RQ5 新的链路余量模型能否准确预测恶劣天气条件下V2X通信的可靠性？

主要发现

• 在高浓度沙尘条件下，28 GHz频段的路径损耗显著高于5.9 GHz频段，极端情况下衰减最高可达20 dB。
• 较小的粒子尺寸导致更高的散射损耗，尤其在28 GHz频段，这是由于Mie区域内的共振效应。
• 更高的粒子浓度导致路径损耗呈指数级增长，尤其在5G频段，严重降低链路可靠性。
• 链路余量模型成功量化了天气引起的衰减导致的安全余量减少，揭示了5G V2X系统面临的关键可靠性风险。
• 由于颗粒物密度更高以及基础设施引起的多径效应，城市高速公路的路径损耗高于乡村高速公路。
• 本研究证实，5G毫米波V2X系统在沙尘暴中极为脆弱，亟需采用自适应功率控制和波束管理策略。