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[论文解读] Indoor Wireless Channel Properties at Millimeter Wave and Sub-Terahertz Frequencies

Yunchou Xing, Ojas Kanhere|arXiv (Cornell University)|Aug 26, 2019
Millimeter-Wave Propagation and Modeling参考文献 24被引用 12
一句话总结

本论文采用滑动相关信道探测仪与窄波束喇叭天线,在28、73和140 GHz频段进行了宽频带室内信道测量,表征了反射、散射、墙体损耗及路径损耗特性。主要发现表明,反射损耗随频率和入射角增加而减小,石膏板表现为反射表面且背向散射可忽略(低于主反射峰值20 dB以上),且各频段路径损耗指数相近,表明尽管大气衰减增加,140 GHz以下仍保持一致的大尺度传播行为。

ABSTRACT

This paper provides indoor reflection, scattering, transmission, and large-scale path loss measurements and models, which describe the main propagation mechanisms at millimeter wave and Terahertz frequencies. Channel properties for common building materials (drywall and clear glass) are carefully studied at 28, 73, and 140 GHz using a wideband sliding correlation based channel sounder system with rotatable narrow-beam horn antennas. Reflection coefficient is shown to linearly increase as the incident angle increases, and lower reflection loss (e.g., stronger reflections) are observed as frequencies increase for a given incident angle. Although backscatter from drywall is present at 28, 73, and 140 GHz, smooth surfaces (like drywall) are shown to be modeled as a simple reflected surface, since the scattered power is 20 dB or more below the reflected power over the measured range of frequency and angles. Partition loss tends to increase with frequency, but the amount of loss is material dependent. Both clear glass and drywall are shown to induce a depolarizing effect, which becomes more prominent as frequency increases. Indoor propagation measurements and large-scale indoor path loss models at 140 GHz are provided, revealing similar path loss exponent and shadow fading as observed at 28 and 73 GHz. The measurements and models in this paper can be used for future wireless system design and other applications within buildings for frequencies above 100 GHz.

研究动机与目标

  • 为下一代无线系统表征毫米波与亚太赫兹频段(28–140 GHz)的室内传播机制。
  • 测量并建模常见建筑材料(如石膏板和透明玻璃)的反射、散射与透射特性。
  • 量化不同频率与极化状态下的墙体损耗与去极化效应。
  • 为140 GHz频段的视 Line-of-Sight(LoS)与非视 Line-of-Sight(NLoS)条件开发大尺度路径损耗模型,以支持未来系统设计。

提出的方法

  • 采用基于滑动相关技术的宽频带信道探测仪,结合可旋转窄波束喇叭天线,测量28、73和140 GHz频段的信道冲激响应。
  • 利用最小均方误差(MMSE)估计方法从实测数据中估算反射与散射系数。
  • 应用双瓣双散射(DS)模型,基于表面电学特性预测散射功率。
  • 通过四种极化配置(V-V、V-H、H-V、H-H)测量墙体损耗,以评估去极化效应。
  • 在真实办公环境中于142 GHz频段进行室内传播测量,控制发射与接收天线的位置与方向。
  • 基于最近干扰(CI)模型,拟合视 Line-of-Sight(LoS)与非视 Line-of-Sight(NLoS)链路的路径损耗指数(PLE)与阴影衰落(σ),推导大尺度路径损耗模型。

实验结果

研究问题

  • RQ1在毫米波与亚太赫兹频段,石膏板的反射系数如何随频率与入射角变化?
  • RQ2在28、73和140 GHz频段,石膏板的背向散射相对于主反射信号的显著程度如何?
  • RQ3透明玻璃与石膏板的墙体损耗与去极化效应如何随频率与极化配置变化?
  • RQ4140 GHz频段视 Line-of-Sight(LoS)与非视 Line-of-Sight(NLoS)室内链路的大尺度路径损耗特性(路径损耗指数与阴影衰落)为何?
  • RQ5140 GHz频段的传播特性与28和73 GHz频段相比,在路径损耗与信号衰减方面有何差异?

主要发现

  • 石膏板的反射损耗随频率与入射角增加而减小,在140 GHz时范围为0.4 dB至9.8 dB,表明高频段反射更强。
  • 石膏板的背向散射比主反射峰值低超过20 dB,验证了在信道建模中可将石膏板视为简单反射面。
  • 双瓣双散射(DS)模型能准确利用已知表面电学参数预测散射功率。
  • 石膏板与透明玻璃的墙体损耗具有极化依赖性,交叉极化配置的损耗低于预期,归因于去极化效应。
  • 视 Line-of-Sight(LoS)链路的路径损耗指数(PLE)在28 GHz时为1.7,73 GHz时为1.6,142 GHz时为2.0,表明142 GHz时路径损耗略高,可能由于大气吸收。
  • 阴影衰落各频段相似,非视 Line-of-Sight(NLoS)路径损耗模型的PLE与σ值相近,表明140 GHz以下大尺度传播行为保持一致。

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