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[论文解读] Multiuser MISO UAV Communications in Uncertain Environments with No-fly Zones: Robust Trajectory and Resource Allocation Design

Dongfang Xu, Yan Sun|arXiv (Cornell University)|May 26, 2019
UAV Applications and Optimization参考文献 37被引用 7
一句话总结

本文提出了一种针对多用户MISO无人机通信在多种不确定性下的鲁棒联合轨迹与波束成形设计方案——包括无人机抖动、用户位置误差、风速变化以及多边形禁飞区(NFZs)。通过单调优化与半定规划松弛方法,实现了在确保安全、符合NFZ要求的前提下最优功率最小化,同时采用低复杂度迭代算法以利于实际部署。

ABSTRACT

In this paper, we investigate robust resource allocation algorithm design for multiuser downlink multiple-input single-output (MISO) unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) communication systems, where we account for the various uncertainties that are unavoidable in such systems and, if left unattended, may severely degrade system performance. We jointly optimize the two-dimensional (2-D) trajectory and the transmit beamforming vector of the UAV for minimization of the total power consumption. The algorithm design is formulated as a non-convex optimization problem taking into account the imperfect knowledge of the angle of departure (AoD) caused by UAV jittering, user location uncertainty, wind speed uncertainty, and polygonal no-fly zones (NFZs). Despite the non-convexity of the optimization problem, we solve it optimally by employing monotonic optimization theory and semidefinite programming relaxation which yields the optimal 2-D trajectory and beamforming policy. Since the developed optimal resource allocation algorithm entails a high computational complexity, we also propose a suboptimal iterative low-complexity scheme based on successive convex approximation to strike a balance between optimality and computational complexity. Our simulation results reveal not only the significant power savings enabled by the proposed algorithms compared to two baseline schemes, but also confirm their robustness with respect to UAV jittering, wind speed uncertainty, and user location uncertainty. Moreover, our results unveil that the joint presence of wind speed uncertainty and NFZs has a considerable impact on the UAV trajectory. Nevertheless, by counteracting the wind speed uncertainty with the proposed robust design, we can simultaneously minimize the total UAV power consumption and ensure a secure trajectory that does not trespass any NFZ.

研究动机与目标

  • 解决由于无人机抖动、用户位置误差、风速变化以及禁飞区(NFZs)等不可避免的不确定性导致的无人机通信系统性能下降这一关键挑战。
  • 建立一个非凸优化问题,通过联合设计二维轨迹与波束成形向量,实现总无人机功耗的最小化。
  • 确保对由无人机抖动引起的波束成形端到端角度(AoD)估计不准确性的鲁棒性,以及对用户位置与风速变化不确定性的鲁棒性。
  • 通过施加多边形NFZ约束,确保无人机轨迹严格位于安全飞行区域内。
  • 提出一种基于单调优化的最优解,以及一种基于连续凸逼近(Successive Convex Approximation, SCA)的低复杂度次优迭代算法,以实现实际部署。

提出的方法

  • 在非凸优化框架中将无人机的二维轨迹与波束成形向量作为决策变量,以最小化总发射功率。
  • 使用有界误差模型建模因无人机抖动引起的AoD不确定性,并通过概率或最坏情况边界表示用户位置与风速的不确定性。
  • 将问题建模为具有波束成形、轨迹与NFZ边界约束的鲁棒优化问题,并通过半定规划(SDP)松弛方法提高可解性。
  • 应用单调优化理论求解松弛问题以获得全局最优解,利用拉格朗日对偶结构与强对偶性条件。
  • 提出一种基于连续凸逼近(SCA)的迭代算法,以显著降低计算复杂度,同时保持接近最优的性能。
  • 通过将禁飞区建模为多边形区域,并将其约束直接嵌入轨迹优化问题中,以确保NFZ合规性。

实验结果

研究问题

  • RQ1无人机抖动在MISO无人机通信中如何影响波束成形精度与系统功率效率?
  • RQ2用户位置不确定性与风速变化在多大程度上会降低传统无人机资源分配方案的性能?
  • RQ3在联合不确定性与NFZ约束下,轨迹规划与波束成形设计之间的最优权衡是什么?
  • RQ4如何应用鲁棒优化技术以同时实现低功耗与严格遵守NFZ法规?
  • RQ5在功耗节省与计算成本方面,最优解与低复杂度次优迭代算法之间的性能差距有多大?

主要发现

  • 所提出的最优鲁棒设计方案即使在高程度的无人机抖动与用户位置不确定性下,也相比基准方案实现了显著的功耗节省。
  • 风速不确定性与NFZ的共同存在显著改变了无人机轨迹,凸显了鲁棒设计在保障安全高效飞行中的必要性。
  • 最优解即使在风速与AoD估计误差较大的情况下,也能完全避免禁飞区并最小化总功耗。
  • 基于SCA的次优算法在计算复杂度显著降低的同时实现了接近最优的性能,适用于实时部署。
  • 仿真结果表明,忽略AoD估计误差会导致性能严重下降,凸显了实际应用中鲁棒波束成形的必要性。
  • 在推导条件下,最优解被证明具有零对偶间隙,验证了单调优化与SDP松弛方法的正确性。

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