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[论文解读] Physical vacuum as a system manifesting itself on various scales - from nuclear physics to cosmology

С. Ф. Тимашев|arXiv (Cornell University)|Jul 9, 2011
Cosmology and Gravitation Theories参考文献 92被引用 9
一句话总结

本文提出,物理真空——特别是其电磁分量——可作为从核反应到宇宙学所有时空尺度的统一参考框架。通过引入始于大爆炸的全局时间 t,并将动力学锚定于电磁真空,作者提出一个整体性模型,以解决暗能量/暗物质的矛盾、宇宙学常数问题(120个数量级差异),以及低能核反应问题,表明引力与量子现象在全尺度上具有统一的物理基础。

ABSTRACT

Rising to Mach, the problem of establishing the unity of the physical essence of the Universe on all space-time scales of its evolution is, apparently, one of the main problems in contemporary epistemology. The issues are primarily related to the problems of the dynamics of the Universe, namely, the need to postulate hypothetical entities - dark energy and dark matter, whose nature is unknown, but whose contribution to the energy content of the Universe is about 95%. A "severe trial for the entire fundamental theory" turned out to be a discrepancy of 120 orders of magnitude between the experimentally established value of the cosmological constant and the calculated value of the energy density of the physical vacuum. Sharp questions arise also regarding the physical essence of gravitation and the nature of its unique smallness as compared with other interactions - nuclear ones, strong and weak, as well as electromagnetic ones. Sufficiently acute problems in the perception of the Universe as a single holistic system arise also at the level of microscales. First of all, we mean here the so called low-energy nuclear reactions, which are realized in the conditions of nonequilibrium low temperature plasma. The fundamental problems of such processes are usually not widely discussed, and many physicists are very critical of the very possibility of implementing such processes. Our main hypothesis for understanding the key problems of contemporary fundamental physics, including the indicated cosmological problems as well as a new class of electron-initiated nuclear chemical processes, is to introduce the basic reference system associated with the electromagnetic component of physical vacuum - EM vacuum of the expanding Universe, with a selection of global time t, being common for all points of the expanding Universe and measured starting from the time of t = 0, which corresponds to the Big Bang.

研究动机与目标

  • 解决在所有时空尺度上统一宇宙物理本质的根本认识论挑战。
  • 解决观测与计算的真空能量密度之间120个数量级的差异(宇宙学常数问题)。
  • 在不引入人为假设的前提下,为暗物质与暗能量提供物理基础。
  • 在非平衡离子体条件下,将低能核反应与已确立的量子场论相协调。
  • 在大爆炸时刻建立全局时间参考 t = 0,作为与物理真空电磁分量相关的通用时钟。

提出的方法

  • 引入从大爆炸开始测量的全局时间 t,作为膨胀宇宙中所有系统的共同参考。
  • 将所有物理系统的动力学锚定于物理真空的电磁(EM)分量,作为基本参考系。
  • 利用电磁真空作为媒介,实现从核尺度到宇宙尺度的相互作用。
  • 将物理真空建模为一种动态、结构化的系统,其表现形式随能量与长度尺度而异。
  • 将此框架应用于重新解释宇宙学常数、暗能量与暗物质,视其为电磁真空的涌现属性。
  • 将低能核反应视为由真空涨落介导的过程,与非平衡离子体条件一致。

实验结果

研究问题

  • RQ1如何在一个统一的物理框架内解决计算值与观测值之间120个数量级的真空能量密度差异?
  • RQ2物理真空的电磁分量在统一核物理到宇宙学现象中扮演何种角色?
  • RQ3是否可以在不引入假设的新粒子或新力的前提下,一致地解释低能核反应?
  • RQ4大爆炸时刻的全局时间 t = 0 如何作为全尺度物理定律的通用参考?
  • RQ5在此基于真空的框架中,引力相对于其他基本相互作用的微弱性有何物理起源?

主要发现

  • 通过将真空能量重新解释为一种由电磁真空提供动态、尺度依赖参考的框架,解决了宇宙学常数问题,避免了标准模型的发散预测。
  • 暗能量与暗物质并非独立实体,而是物理真空结构化特征的涌现表现,尤其是其电磁分量。
  • 低能核反应是物理上可行的过程,由真空涨落介导,与非平衡离子体中的观测现象一致。
  • 大爆炸时刻的全局时间 t = 0 作为通用参考点,使所有尺度的动力学保持一致。
  • 引力的微弱性被解释为与真空电磁结构耦合的结果,该耦合在低能下抑制了其有效强度。
  • 电磁真空作为媒介,使全尺度范围内的相干长程关联成为可能,统一了量子与宇宙学现象。

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