[论文解读] Neural network-based multiscale modeling of finite strain magneto-elasticity with relaxed convexity criteria
本文提出了一种用于磁活性聚合物(MAPs)有限大变形磁致弹性多尺度建模的物理增强神经网络框架,通过基于不变量的输入和不可训练项,强制实现热力学一致性、材料对称性以及无应力状态。关键贡献在于通过定制化损失项实现松弛的局部多凸性约束,其在精度和物理一致性方面优于严格输入凸神经网络(ICNNs)和传统模型。
We present a framework for the multiscale modeling of finite strain magneto-elasticity based on physics-augmented neural networks (NNs). By using a set of problem specific invariants as input, an energy functional as the output and by adding several non-trainable expressions to the overall total energy density functional, the model fulfills multiple physical principles by construction, e.g., thermodynamic consistency and material symmetry. Three NN-based models with varying requirements in terms of an extended polyconvexity condition of the magneto-elastic potential are presented. First, polyconvexity, which is a global concept, is enforced via input convex neural networks (ICNNs). Afterwards, we formulate a relaxed local version of the polyconvexity and fulfill it in a weak sense by adding a tailored loss term. As an alternative, a loss term to enforce the weaker requirement of strong ellipticity locally is proposed, which can be favorable to obtain a better trade-off between compatibility with data and physical constraints. Databases for training of the models are generated via computational homogenization for both compressible and quasi-incompressible magneto-active polymers (MAPs). Thereby, to reduce the computational cost, 2D statistical volume elements and an invariant-based sampling technique for the pre-selection of relevant states are used. All models are calibrated by using the database, whereby interpolation and extrapolation are considered separately. Furthermore, the performance of the NN models is compared to a conventional model from the literature. The numerical study suggests that the proposed physics-augmented NN approach is advantageous over the conventional model for MAPs. Thereby, the two more flexible NN models in combination with the weakly enforced local polyconvexity lead to good results, whereas the model based only on ICNNs has proven to be too restrictive.
研究动机与目标
- 开发一种适用于磁活性聚合物(MAPs)有限大变形磁致弹性行为的多尺度本构模型,以尊重基本物理原理。
- 解决在不牺牲泛化能力或训练效率的前提下,强制实现多凸性和强椭圆性的问题。
- 通过使用二维统计体积元和基于不变量的采样方法,降低生成训练数据库的计算成本。
- 利用计算均匀化数据对神经网络模型进行校准,涵盖可压缩和准不可压缩MAPs两种情况。
- 在插值与外推场景下,对比物理增强神经网络与传统本构模型的性能表现。
提出的方法
- 模型采用与问题相关的不变量——形变梯度、余因子、雅可比行列式以及磁质相互作用——作为神经网络的输入,以预测总能量密度泛函。
- 在能量泛函中嵌入不可训练项,以构建性地强制实现热力学一致性、材料对称性以及无应力、无磁化的参考状态。
- 提出三种模型:一种采用输入凸神经网络(ICNNs)以实现全局多凸性;另两种则通过定制损失函数,弱约束局部多凸性或强椭圆性。
- 采用计算均匀化方法生成可压缩和准不可压缩MAPs的训练数据库,利用二维统计体积元以降低计算成本。
- 采用基于不变量的采样技术,预先筛选出相关微观结构状态,以提升数据效率并覆盖更广的参数空间。
- 通过分别使用机械、耦合和磁质能量贡献的独立数据集对模型进行校准,并对比Adam与SLSQP优化器在训练稳定性与收敛性方面的表现。
实验结果
研究问题
- RQ1物理增强神经网络能否在数据驱动的有限大变形磁致弹性模型中强制实现多凸性和强椭圆性?
- RQ2与基于严格ICNN的多凸性相比,弱约束的局部多凸性在模型灵活性与精度方面表现如何?
- RQ3多凸性与强椭圆性两种不同损失函数,在物理一致性与数据拟合之间的权衡上产生何种影响?
- RQ4基于不变量的采样与二维均匀化方法在降低计算成本的同时,对模型精度的维持效果如何?
- RQ5所提出的框架是否在MAPs的插值与外推任务中均优于传统本构模型?
主要发现
- 基于输入凸神经网络(ICNNs)实现全局多凸性的模型过于严格,限制了其在复杂磁机械状态下的泛化能力。
- 采用弱约束局部多凸性或强椭圆性的两种模型表现更优,实现了物理一致性与数据保真度之间的良好平衡。
- SLSQP在优化中优于Adam,实现了更快的收敛速度与更低的损失,尽管其在更大网络上的可扩展性较差。
- 使用二维统计体积元与基于不变量的采样方法,显著降低了数据库生成的计算成本,同时未损害模型精度。
- 物理增强神经网络框架在MAPs的插值与外推任务中,均表现出优于传统模型的性能。
- 该框架通过架构设计与损失函数约束,成功强制实现了热力学一致性、材料对称性以及无应力、无磁化的参考状态。
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