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[论文解读] Prevalence and Major Risk Factors of Non-communicable Diseases: A Machine Learning based Cross-Sectional Study

Mrinmoy Roy, Anica Tasnim Protity|arXiv (Cornell University)|Mar 3, 2023
Global Public Health Policies and EpidemiologyBusiness, Management and Accounting被引用 3
一句话总结

这项基于机器学习的横断面研究调查了孟加拉国达卡地区成人患者中非传染性疾病(NCDs)的患病率及危险因素。通过队列数据的统计检验与分析,发现心血管疾病(CVD)是最常见的NCD(患病率为83.56%),且CVD、糖尿病、肥胖与多种共病之间存在强烈关联,尤其在男性和中年人群中更为显著。

ABSTRACT

Objective: The study aimed to determine the prevalence of several non-communicable diseases (NCD) and analyze risk factors among adult patients seeking nutritional guidance in Dhaka, Bangladesh. Result: Our study observed the relationships between gender, age groups, obesity, and NCDs (DM, CKD, IBS, CVD, CRD, thyroid). The most frequently reported NCD was cardiovascular issues (CVD), which was present in 83.56% of all participants. CVD was more common in male participants. Consequently, male participants had a higher blood pressure distribution than females. Diabetes mellitus (DM), on the other hand, did not have a gender-based inclination. Both CVD and DM had an age-based progression. Our study showed that chronic respiratory illness was more frequent in middle-aged participants than in younger or elderly individuals. Based on the data, every one in five hospitalized patients was obese. We analyzed the co-morbidities and found that 31.5% of the population has only one NCD, 30.1% has two NCDs, and 38.3% has more than two NCDs. Besides, 86.25% of all diabetic patients had cardiovascular issues. All thyroid patients in our study had CVD. Using a t-test, we found a relationship between CKD and thyroid (p-value 0.061). Males under 35 years have a statistically significant relationship between thyroid and chronic respiratory diseases (p-value 0.018). We also found an association between DM and CKD among patients over 65 (p-value 0.038). Moreover, there has been a statistically significant relationship between CKD and Thyroid (P < 0.05) for those below 35 and 35-65. We used a two-way ANOVA test to find the statistically significant interaction of heart issues and chronic respiratory illness, in combination with diabetes. The combination of DM and RTI also affected CKD in male patients over 65 years old.

研究动机与目标

  • 评估孟加拉国达卡地区成人患者中糖尿病(DM)、慢性肾病(CKD)、心血管疾病(CVD)等非传染性疾病(NCDs)的患病率。
  • 利用统计与机器学习辅助分析,识别与NCDs相关的重大人口统计学与临床危险因素。
  • 检查NCDs之间的共病模式及相互关系,尤其关注性别、年龄与肥胖的影响。
  • 评估特定NCDs之间(如CVD与甲状腺疾病,或DM与CKD)关联的统计显著性。
  • 为低资源城市环境中高危人群的公共卫生干预提供循证依据。

提出的方法

  • 基于在孟加拉国达卡地区寻求营养指导的个体的匿名患者数据,开展横断面研究。
  • 应用推断统计方法,包括t检验、双因素方差分析(ANOVA)及p值分析,评估NCDs与人口统计学/临床变量之间的关联。
  • 使用患病率估计方法,确定不同年龄组与性别中个体及共病NCDs的频率。
  • 采用机器学习辅助数据分析,检测多种NCDs与危险因素之间的模式及相互作用。
  • 根据年龄组(35岁以下、35–65岁、65岁以上)、性别及体质指数(BMI)状态对参与者进行分类,以评估亚组特定的疾病模式。
  • 计算共病率,并利用p值与置信度阈值(p < 0.05)评估观察到关联的统计显著性。

实验结果

研究问题

  • RQ1在孟加拉国达卡地区的成人患者中,主要非传染性疾病(NCDs)如CVD、DM、CKD及甲状腺疾病等的患病率如何?
  • RQ2性别与年龄组如何影响特定NCDs(尤其是CVD与DM)的风险与分布?
  • RQ3NCDs之间的共病程度如何?在该研究人群中,哪些组合最为常见?
  • RQ4在不同年龄与性别亚组中,特定NCDs之间(如CVD与甲状腺疾病,或CKD与DM)是否存在统计学上显著的关联?
  • RQ5肥胖与年龄如何与该人群中多种NCDs的发病风险相互作用?

主要发现

  • 心血管疾病(CVD)是患病率最高的NCD,影响了所有参与者中的83.56%,且男性患病率高于女性。
  • 糖尿病(DM)在性别间无显著差异,但表现出与年龄相关的进展趋势,65岁以上患者中DM与CKD存在统计学显著关联(p值为0.038)。
  • 住院患者中,20%为肥胖,38.3%患有两种以上NCDs,表明多重共病负担较重。
  • 86.25%的糖尿病患者同时伴有心血管问题,且研究中所有甲状腺疾病患者均存在CVD共病,表明甲状腺疾病与CVD之间存在强烈关联。
  • 在35岁以下人群及35–65岁年龄组中,CKD与甲状腺疾病之间存在统计学显著关联(p < 0.05),且在35岁以下男性中,甲状腺疾病与慢性呼吸系统疾病之间也存在显著关联(p值为0.018)。
  • 双因素方差分析显示,DM与呼吸道感染(RTI)的组合显著影响65岁以上男性患者的CKD风险(p值为0.038)。

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