[论文解读] Quantum theory without classical time: a route to quantum gravity and unification
本文提出了一种基于八元数时空上矩阵值拉格朗日动力学的预量子、预时空理论,利用康奈斯时间消除量子场论中的经典时间。该理论从例外约当代数推导出标准模型、电弱对称性自发破缺、费米子质量比以及精细结构常数,时空与量子不确定性通过非幺正、非自伴动力学及GRW波函数坍缩机制涌现。
There must exist a reformulation of quantum field theory which does not employ classical time to describe evolution, even at low energies. To achieve this goal, we have proposed a prequantum, prespacetime theory, which is a matrix valued Lagrangian dynamics on an octonionic spacetime. This is a deterministic but nonunitary dynamics in which evolution is described by Connes time, a feature unique to noncommutative geometry. From here, quantum field theory and its indeterminism, as well as classical spacetime geometry, are emergent under suitable approximations. In the underlying theory, the algebra of the octonions reveals evidence for the standard model of particle physics, and for its unification with a precursor of gravitation, through extension to the Left Right symmetric model and the symmetry group $E_6$. When elementary particles are described by spinors made from a Clifford algebra, the exceptional Jordan algebra yields a theoretical derivation of the low energy fine structure constant, and of the observed mass ratios for charged fermions. We identify the Left Right symmetry breaking with electroweak symmetry breaking, which also results in separation of emergent four dimensional Minkowski spacetime from the internal symmetries which describe the standard model. This compactification without compactification is achieved through the Ghirardi Rimini Weber mechanism of dynamical wave function collapse, which arises naturally in our theory, because the underlying fundamental Hamiltonian is necessarily nonselfadjoint. Only classical systems live in four dimensions; quantum systems always live in eight octonionic (equivalently ten Minkowski) dimensions. We explain how our theory overcomes the puzzle of quantum nonlocality, while maintaining consistency with special relativity.
研究动机与目标
- 制定一种不依赖经典时间进行演化的量子理论,即使在低能情况下亦如此。
- 从更深层次的确定性、非幺正动力学中,将量子场论与经典时空作为涌现现象推导出来。
- 通过八元数与E6对称性等代数结构,将标准模型与引力的前驱理论统一起来。
- 通过Ghirardi-Rimini-Weber坍缩机制,解释电弱对称性自发破缺与时空紧化,而无需显式紧化。
- 通过非自伴的基本哈密顿量,在不依赖经典时间的理论中调和量子非定域性与狭义相对论。
提出的方法
- 将八元数时空上的矩阵值拉格朗日动力学作为基本理论。
- 利用非交换几何中的康奈斯时间描述演化,无需经典时间。
- 利用例外约当代数推导低能精细结构常数与费米子质量比。
- 应用克利福德代数描述基本粒子为旋量,将其与理论的代数结构相联系。
- 实施一个非自伴哈密顿量,自然地引出Ghirardi-Rimini-Weber动力学波函数坍缩机制。
- 通过左右对称模型的拓展与E6统一,将理论与标准模型及引力联系起来。
实验结果
研究问题
- RQ1如何在不依赖经典时间进行演化的前提下,重新表述量子场论?
- RQ2在预几何中,何种代数结构能自然地产生标准模型的规范群与费米子内容?
- RQ3时空几何与四维闵可夫斯基度规如何从高维、非交换的预几何中涌现?
- RQ4何种机制能在基本理论中解释电弱对称性自发破缺,以及内部对称性与时空的分离?
- RQ5在无经典时间的理论中,如何调和量子非定域性与狭义相对论?
主要发现
- 例外约当代数提供了低能精细结构常数的理论推导。
- 费米子质量比从同一代数框架中推导得出,与观测值一致。
- 电弱对称性自发破缺被识别为左右对称性破缺,后者也触发了时空紧化。
- Ghirardi-Rimini-Weber坍缩机制自然地从非自伴的基本哈密顿量中涌现。
- 时空几何与量子不确定性是涌现特征,而非基本属性,源于八元数时空上的非幺正动力学。
- 该理论在保持与狭义相对论一致的同时,通过其非交换、非幺正结构解决了量子非定域性问题。
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