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[论文解读] Single-Component Superconductivity in UTe$_2$ at Ambient Pressure

Florian Theuss, Avi Shragai|arXiv (Cornell University)|Jul 20, 2023
High-pressure geophysics and materialsEarth and Planetary Sciences参考文献 50被引用 3
一句话总结

本研究利用脉冲回波超声测量了UTe₂的弹性模量,发现在单转变与双转变样品中,Tc附近剪切模量均无热力学不连续性。剪切模量异常的缺失为单组分超导序参量提供了直接实验证据,支持B₂u反位对称态而非多组分模型。

ABSTRACT

The microscopic mechanism of Cooper pairing in a superconductor leaves its fingerprint on the symmetry of the order parameter. UTe$_2$ has been inferred to have a multi-component order parameter that entails exotic effects like time reversal symmetry breaking. However, recent experimental observations in newer-generation samples have raised questions about this interpretation, pointing to the need for a direct experimental probe of the order parameter symmetry. Here, we use pulse-echo ultrasound to measure the elastic moduli of UTe$_2$ in samples that exhibit both one and two superconducting transitions. We demonstrate the absence of thermodynamic discontinuities in the shear elastic moduli of both single- and double-transition samples, providing direct evidence that UTe$_2$ has a single-component superconducting order parameter. We further show that superconductivity is highly sensitive to compression strain along the $a$ and $c$ axes, but insensitive to strain along the $b$ axis. This leads us to suggest a single-component, odd-parity order parameter -- specifically the B$_{2u}$ order parameter -- as most compatible with our data.

研究动机与目标

  • 为解决长期存在的UTe₂配对对称性争议,特别是其是否具有多组分或单组分超导序参量。
  • 通过应变依赖的弹性测量,提供超导序参量本质的直接实验证据。
  • 研究超导性在UTe₂中沿不同晶轴(a、b、c)施加单轴应变时的响应敏感性。
  • 确定某些样品中观察到的两个超导转变是否为本征性质,或源于非均匀性或应变效应。

提出的方法

  • 采用脉冲回波超声技术,在不同温度和应变条件下测量UTe₂单晶的弹性模量。
  • 测量超导转变温度Tc附近剪切模量和压缩模量的变化,以检测多组分配对所预期的热力学不连续性。
  • 沿a、b和c晶轴施加单轴应变,以探测超导性对晶格畸变的各向异性响应。
  • 基于节点结构和动量依赖性,利用对称性分析和群论对可能的奇-parity序参量(Aᵤ、B₁ᵤ、B₂ᵤ、B₃ᵤ)进行分类。
  • 将实验测得的应变和弹性模量响应与单组分与双组分超导体的理论预测进行比较。
  • 结合量子振荡数据与密度泛函理论(DFT)计算,验证费米面拓扑结构与能隙对称性。
Figure 1: The influence of strain on one- and two-component superconductors. Panel (a) illustrates how two representative order parameters—single-component $s$ -wave and two-component $p_{x}+ip_{y}$ —respond to both compression and shear strain. Both gaps respond under compression (whether increasin
Figure 1: The influence of strain on one- and two-component superconductors. Panel (a) illustrates how two representative order parameters—single-component $s$ -wave and two-component $p_{x}+ip_{y}$ —respond to both compression and shear strain. Both gaps respond under compression (whether increasin

实验结果

研究问题

  • RQ1UTe₂中的超导序参量是否表现出单组分或多组分特性,这可通过其对应变的弹性响应来判断?
  • RQ2在UTe₂中,是否观察到双组分超导体所预期的剪切弹性模量热力学不连续性?
  • RQ3UTe₂中的超导性对沿a、b和c晶轴的单轴应变如何响应?
  • RQ4基于弹性与应变响应,哪一个奇-parity不可约表示(如B₂ᵤ)最能描述UTe₂中的超导能隙对称性?
  • RQ5某些样品中观察到的两个超导转变是否可归因于本征的多组分配对,还是外在的非均匀性?

主要发现

  • 在单转变与双转变UTe₂样品中,Tc附近均未观察到剪切弹性模量的热力学不连续性,从而排除了双组分序参量的可能性。
  • UTe₂的超导转变对沿a轴和c轴的压缩应变高度敏感,但对沿b轴的应变不敏感。
  • 观测到的应变与弹性响应与单组分、奇-parity超导序参量(特别是B₂ᵤ通道)一致。
  • B₂ᵤ序参量在费米面上完全具有能隙,仅在k_y方向存在点节点,与观测到的节点结构一致。
  • 剪切模量异常的缺失与多组分超导体(如p_x + ip_y)的预测相矛盾,支持更简单的配对态。
  • 本结果通过表明某些样品中双转变行为并非本征多组分配对的证据,而是可能源于非均匀性或应变效应,解决了早期数据解释之间的矛盾。
Figure 2: Relative change in elastic moduli through $T_{\rm c}$ for single- $T_{\rm c}$ UTe 2 . A compressional elastic modulus, $c_{33}$ , shows a sharp discontinuity of approximately 40 parts per million at $T_{\rm c}$ , as expected for all superconductors. In contrast, the shear elastic moduli— $
Figure 2: Relative change in elastic moduli through $T_{\rm c}$ for single- $T_{\rm c}$ UTe 2 . A compressional elastic modulus, $c_{33}$ , shows a sharp discontinuity of approximately 40 parts per million at $T_{\rm c}$ , as expected for all superconductors. In contrast, the shear elastic moduli— $

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