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Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) is important in promoting the immune response in various cancers. Recently, TLR4 is highly expressed in a stage-dependent manner in gastric cancer, but the regulatory mechanism of TLR4 expression has been not elucidated it. Here, we investigated the mechanism underlying regulation of TLR4 expression through promoter methylation and histone modification between transcriptional regulation and silencing of the TLR4 gene in gastric cancer cells. Chromatin immunoprecipitat

OBJECTIVES: Oncogenic alterations of epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) signaling are frequently noted in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). In recent decades, EGFR tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs) have been developed, although the therapeutic efficacy of these inhibitor is restricted to EGFR-mutant patients. In this study, we investigated that clathrin-mediated EGFR endocytosis hampers the effects of gefitinib and sustains NSCLC cells with wild-type EGFR. MATERIALS AND METHODS: NSCLC cel

Cigarette smoke (CS) affects the expression of microRNAs (miRNAs), which are important regulators of gene expression by inducing DNA methylation. However, the effects of smoking on miRNA expression have not been fully elucidated in smoking-related lung carcinogenesis. Therefore, in this study, to investigate the change of miRNA expression pattern and to identify tumor suppressor miRNAs by smoking in lung carcinogenesis, we used lung carcinogenesis model cell lines that, derived from a murine xen

Highly sensitive genotyping assays can detect mutations in cell-free DNA (cfDNA) from cancer patients, reflecting the biology of each patient's cancer. Because circulating tumor DNA comprises a small, variable fraction of DNA circulating in the blood, sensitive parallel multiplexing tests are required to determine mutation profiles. We prospectively examined the clinical utility of ultra-deep sequencing analysis of cfDNA from 126 non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) patients using the Ion AmpliSeq

Background & Aims: The application of circulating tumor DNA (ctDNA) has been studied for predicting recurrent disease after surgery and treatment response during systemic treatment. Metastasectomy can be curative for well-selected patients with metastatic colorectal cancer (mCRC). This prospective study investigated the ctDNA level before and after metastasectomy in patients with mCRC to explore its potential as a predictive biomarker. Methods: We collected data on 98 metastasectomies for mC

Background This phase Ib study was performed to determine the safety of combination capecitabine with alpleisib (phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase catalytic subunit p110α blockade) and determine the maximal tolerated dose (MTD) and recommended phase ll dose (RP2D) of this combination regimen in patients with advanced solid tumors refractory to standard therapy. The synergistic anti-tumor activity and pharmacokinetics (PK) were investigated. Methods Dose escalation phases were conducted in patients w

Correction to: Cell Death and Disease (2017) 8, e2682. doi:10.1038/cddis.2017.100; published online 16 March 2017 In the version of this article originally published, the following affiliation for Sang Chul Lee was incorrectly listed as 3 instead of 1. The correct affiliations are listed below: Byung Moo Oh1,2,5, Seon-Jin Lee1,2,5, Hee Jun Cho1, Yun Sun Park1, Jong-Tae Kim1, Suk Ran Yoon1, Sang Chul Lee1, Jong-Seok Lim3, Bo-Yeon Kim4, Yong-Kyung Choe1 and Hee Gu Lee1,2

INTRODUCTION: Bibliometric analysis is a quantitative method that can evaluate publications related to a specific topic. METHODS: A PubMed database search was conducted from 2003 to 2012 using the search term "carotid" AND "stenos*" as a part of the title or abstract. RESULTS: A total of 1590 articles were published in 329 different journals. A total of 751 (47.2%) publications were original articles, 1501 (94.4%) were written in English, 153 (9.6%) received funding, 584 (36.7%) were published b

Circulating cell-free DNA (cfDNA) can be used to characterize tumor genomes through next-generation sequencing (NGS)-based approaches. We aim to identify novel genetic alterations associated with drug resistance in lung cancer and colorectal cancer patients who were treated with EGFR-targeted therapy and cytotoxic chemotherapy through whole exome sequencing (WES) of cfDNA. A cohort of 18 lung cancer patients was treated with EGFR TKI or cytotoxic chemotherapy, and a cohort of 37 colorectal cance

This study aimed to identify novel biomarkers for metastatic colorectal cancer progression using exosomal RNA expression profiling. The exosomal RNA expression profiles of 54 patients with mCRC were investigated. Exosomal RNA profiling was performed at the time of relapse immediately before metastasectomy and cancer recurrence or progression after metastasectomy. The up- and down-regulated RNA expression profiles were screened and analyzed using H-cluster, principle component analysis and gene o

A high-fiber diet is widely recognized for its positive effects on the gut microbiome. However, the specific impact of a high-fiber diet on the gut microbiome and bowel habits of patients with colon cancer remains poorly understood. In this study, we aimed to assess the effects of a modified microbiota-accessible carbohydrate (mMAC) diet on gut microbiota composition and clinical symptoms in colon cancer patients who underwent surgical resection. To achieve this, we enrolled 40 patients in two g

Even though there are several deterministic methods for the modeling of linear systems, there is no standard method for the modeling of nonlinear systems. Most biological systems can be thought of as nonlinear systems. For the modeling of biological systems the authors have studied nonlinear systems using genetic programming. Time series were generated from the simple known nonlinear dynamics. Then nonlinear dynamics was estimated from these time series using genetic programming. For the tested

Abstract Dietary factors have important role in modulating the gut microbiome, which in-turn regulates the molecular events in colonic mucosa. The composition and resulting metabolism of the gut microbiome are decisive factors in colorectal cancer (CRC) tumorigenesis. Microbiota-Accessible Carbohydrates (MAC) refer to carbohydrates that the human intestine cannot digest, but that can be digested by intestinal microbes. During that process, short chain fatty acid (SCFA) is produced, which is know