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Positional plagiocephaly is increasing in infants. Positional plagiocephaly is an asymmetric deformation of skull due to various reasons; first birth, assisted labor, multiple pregnancy, prematurity, congenital muscular torticollis and position of head. Positional plagiocephaly can mostly be diagnosed clinically and by physical examinations. The simplest way to assess the severity of plagiocephaly is to use a diagonal caliper during physical examination, which measures the difference between the

BACKGROUND: Autologous fat graft has become a useful technique for correction of acquired contour deformity in reconstructed breasts. However, there remains controversial regarding the efficacy and safety of the practice for reconstructive breast surgery. METHODS: A retrospective review was performed on 102 patients who had secondary fat grafting after breast reconstruction. Fat harvest, refinement and injection were done by Coleman's technique. All patients were followed up postoperatively with

Ear reconstruction using three-dimensional (3D) printing technique has been considered as a good substitute for conventional surgery, because it can provide custom-made 3D framework. However, there are difficulties with its application in clinical use. Researchers have reported 3D scaffolds for ear cartilage regeneration, but the designs of the 3D scaffolds were not appropriate to be used in surgery. Hence, we propose the design of an ideal 3D ear scaffold for use in ear reconstruction surgery.

BACKGROUND: Implant-based breast reconstruction is being performed more frequently, and implants are associated with an increased risk of infection. We reviewed the clinical features of cases of implant infection and investigated the risk factors for breast device salvage failure. METHODS: We retrospectively analyzed 771 patients who underwent implant-based breast reconstruction between January 2010 and December 2016. Age, body mass index, chemotherapy history, radiation exposure, and smoking hi

Blood supply is the most important factor determining the survival of a skin flap. Botulinum toxin-A (Botox-A) is used as pharmacologic agent not only for aesthetic purposes, but also for its vasomotor actions. This study was conducted to establish whether local application of Botox-A increased survival of random pattern skin flaps in rats by changing the expression of neurotransmitters. Forty adult Sprague-Dawley rats with a caudally-based random pattern skin flap were divided into two groups:

One of the most frequent comorbidities that develop in chronically ill or immobilized patients is pressure ulcers, also known as bed sores. Despite ischemia-reperfusion (I/R)-induced skin lesion having been identified as a primary cause of pressure ulcers, wound management efforts have so far failed to significantly improve outcomes. Baicalin, or 5,6,7-trihydroxyflavone, is a type of flavonoid which has been shown to possess a variety of biological characteristics, including antioxidative and an

Although platelet-rich plasma (PRP) is widely used to enhance bone graft survival, the effect of PRP itself on bone regeneration is unclear. Because activated PRP releases many growth factors in a bolus, there are controversies regarding the effect of activation of the PRP on bone regeneration. Thus, we studied the effect of activated versus nonactivated PRP on bone regeneration and compared the effect with that of recombinant human bone morphogenetic protein-2 (rhBMP-2) in a critical-sized cran

BACKGROUND: Reconstruction of oropharyngeal defects after resection of oropharyngeal cancer is a significant challenge. The purpose of this study is to introduce reconstruction using a combination of a buccinator myomucosal flap and a buccal fat pad flap after cancer excision and to discuss the associated anatomy, surgical procedure, and clinical applications. METHODS: In our study, a combination of a buccinator myomucosal flap with a buccal fat pad flap was utilized for reconstruction after res

BACKGROUND/AIMS: The efficacy of light therapeutic and diagnostic applications can be enhanced by employing optical tissue clearing (OTC) agents to minimize light scattering in tissue. This study aimed to investigate the optimal concentration of glycerol, so that it can be efficiently used as an OTC agent in dermatology. METHODS: Glycerol was topically applied to avoid the possibility of edema that could be caused by dermal injection. The efficacy of glycerol was quantitatively evaluated for var

Pseudoangiomatous stromal hyperplasia (PASH) of the breast is a benign mesenchymal lesion with incidental histologic findings. Surgical excision is recommended as the treatment of choice for PASH, although the recurrence rates after excision range from 15% to 22%. A 46-year-old-female presented with a six-month history of bilateral breast enlargement and painful sensation mimicking inflammatory carcinoma. Imaging studies demonstrated innumerable enhancing nodules in both breasts. Due to the grow

Wound healing is a complicated cascading process; disequilibrium among reparative processes leads to the formation of pathologic scars. Herein, we explored the role of mortalin in scar formation and its association with the interleukin-1α receptor using in vitro and in vivo models. To investigate the effects of mortalin, we performed an MTT cell viability assay, qRT-PCR, and Western blot analyses, in addition to immunofluorescence and immunoprecipitation studies using cultured fibroblasts. A rat