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BACKGROUND: Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) infection plays an important role in the early stage of cancer development. However, various bacteria that promote the synthesis of reactive oxygen and nitrogen species may be involved in the later stages. We aimed to determine the microbial composition of gastric mucosa from the patients with chronic gastritis, intestinal metaplasia, and gastric cancer using 454 GS FLX Titanium. METHODS: Gastric mucosal biopsy samples were collected from 31 patients d

We evaluated whether a simplified human microbiota consortium (SIHUMI) induces colitis in germfree (GF) 129S6/SvEv (129) and C57BL/6 (B6) interleukin-10-deficient (IL-10(-/-)) mice, determined mouse strain effects on colitis and the microbiota, examined the effects of inflammation on relative bacterial composition, and identified immunodominant bacterial species in "humanized" IL-10(-/-) mice. GF wild-type (WT) and IL-10(-/-) 129 and B6 mice were colonized with 7 human-derived inflammatory bowel

The exact effect of probiotics on epithelial barrier function is not well understood. The aims of this study were to evaluate cytokine-induced epithelial barrier dysfunction in intestinal epithelial cells (IECs) and to study the role of probiotics in the prevention of epithelial barrier dysfunction. Caco-2 cells grown on transwell chambers were stimulated with tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α or interferon (IFN)-γ basolaterally. Probiotic, Lactobacillus casei, was added 1 h before cytokine stimulat

Short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) play a pivotal role in maintaining intestinal homeostasis. We aimed to investigate the effects of SCFA supplementation on gut inflammation and microbiota composition in a murine colitis model. Mice were fed with sodium butyrate or a mixture of SCFAs in the drinking water for 2 weeks, followed by 2% dextran sulfate sodium (DSS) for 7 d. After euthanasia, mouse colons were extracted to examine histological findings. Flow cytometry of the mouse colon tissues was perf

BACKGROUND: Intestinal microbiota play an important role in maintaining the homeostasis of the host immune system. To analyze the alteration of the intestinal microbial community structure in Korean Crohn's disease (CD) patients, we performed a comparative metagenomic analysis between healthy people and CD patients using fecal samples and mucosal tissues of ileocecal valve. METHODS: 16S rRNA genes from fecal samples or mucosal tissues of 35 CD patients and 15 healthy controls (HC) were amplified

These results suggest a role for visceral obesity, quantified by CT, as a risk factor for erosive esophagitis.

The gut microbiota has been implicated in the development of colitis-associated cancer (CAC). We investigated how the gut microbiota affects the development of CAC when the composition of the microbial community is altered by the administration of various antibiotics in a murine model. C57BL/6 mice were given intraperitoneal injection of 12.5 mg/kg azoxymethane (AOM), followed by two rounds of 2.0 % dextran sodium sulfate (DSS) exposure. Antibiotics, including ampicillin, neomycin, metronidazole

It has been suggested that manipulation of gut microbiota using antibiotics can inhibit colitis-associated colorectal cancer (CAC) in a mouse model. We investigated whether timing of gut microbial manipulation using antibiotics affects colon tumorigenesis in the azoxymethane (AOM)/dextran sodium sulfate (DSS)-induced CAC model. CAC was induced in C57BL/6 mice by injection of 12.5 mg/kg AOM followed by three rounds of 1.7% DSS exposure. There were six groups based on timing of antibiotic administ

BACKGROUND/AIMS: The peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPARgamma) is a nuclear receptor highly expressed in the colon which plays an anti-inflammatory role through the inhibition of nuclear factor-kappaB (NF-kappaB) pathway. Probiotics have been shown to exert beneficial effects on inflammatory bowel diseases. However, the exact mechanism by which probiotics exert protection against intestinal inflammation is not well understood. The aims of this study were to evaluate the attenu

Ulcerative colitis (UC) is a chronic inflammatory disease of the colon characterized by diffuse mucosal inflammation. Acute severe colitis, a potentially lethal condition requiring hospitalization and intensive medical treatment can develop in 18% to 25% of patients with UC. Although intravenous corticosteroids are the mainstay of conventional medical treatment in this condition, about 30% to 40% of patients are resistant to steroids treatment.1 In the past time when other medical treatments wer

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Background: It has been well known that genetic mutations and the epidemiology of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) differ between Asia and the West. However, TNF superfamily member 15 (TNFSF15) gene has been identified as a common susceptibility gene in Asian and Western IBD patients, suggesting that TNFSF15 may play an important role in the pathogenesis of IBD. TNFSF15/ TNF-like cytokine 1A (TL1A) is a proinflammatory cytokine and a member of the TNF superfamily, mainly expressed on activated T