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Tracheal resection has limited applicability. Although various tracheal replacement strategies were performed using artificial prosthesis, synthetic stents and tissue transplantation, the best method in tracheal reconstruction remains to be identified. Recent advances in tissue engineering enabled 3D bioprinting using various biocompatible materials including living cells, thereby making the product clinically applicable. Moreover, clinical interest in mesenchymal stem cell has dramatically incr

Various treatment methods for tracheal defects have been attempted, such as artificial implants, allografts, autogenous grafts, and tissue engineering; however, no perfect method has been established. We attempted to create an effective artificial trachea via a tissue engineering method using 3D bio-printing. A multi-layered scaffold was fabricated using a 3D printer. Polycaprolactone (PCL) and hydrogel were used with nasal epithelial and auricular cartilage cells in the printing process. An art

BACKGROUND: Non-ablative 1550-nm erbium-doped fractional photothermolysis systems (FPS) and 10 600-nm carbon dioxide fractional laser systems (CO(2) FS) have been effectively used to treat scars. OBJECTIVE: We compared the efficacy and safety of single-session treatments of FPS and CO(2) FS for acne scars through a randomized, split-face, evaluator-blinded study. METHODS: Eight patients with acne scars were enrolled in this study. Half of each subject's face was treated with FPS and the other ha

The mononuclear 16-electron dithio- o -carboranylcobalt(III) complex CpCo(S 2 C 2 B 10 H 10 ) ( 2 ) was obtained by the reaction of CpCo(CO)I 2 with dilithium dithio- o -carborane, Li 2 [S 2 C 2 B 10 H 10 ] ( 1 ). Complex 2 reacts with a variety of substrates such as CpCo(C 2 H 2 ) 2, alkynes, and a diazoalkane, generating a new class of dithio- o -carboranylcobalt(III) compounds incorporating a CpCo unit and alkene and alkylidene ligands.

<para xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"> We have experimentally studied the suitability of nanometer-scale <formula formulatype="inline"><tex>$ \hbox{In}_{0.7}\hbox{Ga}_{0.3}\hbox{As}$</tex></formula> high-electron mobility transistors (HEMTs) as an n-channel device for a future high-speed and low-power logic technology for beyond-CMOS applications. To this end, we have fabricated 50- to 150-nm-gate-length <formula formulatype="inline"><tex

A new type of constrained-geometry complex, [η 5:η 1 -RC 2 B 9 H 9 −CH 2 NMe 2 ]TiCl 2 ( 3 ), based on the dimethylamino dicarbollyl ligand has been prepared and characterized by 11 B, 13 C, and 1 H NMR spectroscopy. This complex is the first example of a compound containing the “CGC-type” dicarbollyl ligand for titanium in its highest (4+) oxidation state. Complexes 3 in the presence of MMAO exhibit moderate catalytic activities for the ethylene polymerization but produce high-molecular-weight

A second-order discrete-time sliding mode observer (DSMO)-based method is proposed to estimate the state of charge (SOC) of a Li-ion battery. Unlike the first-order sliding mode approach, the proposed method eliminates the chattering phenomenon in SOC estimation. Further, a battery model with a dynamic resistance is also proposed to improve the accuracy of the battery model. Similar to actual battery behavior, the resistance parameters in this model are changed by both the magnitude of the disch

Domestic agro-byproduct potential in Korea is estimated to be approximately 4,018 × 103 tons of oil equivalent per year. Majority of agro-byproducts are unused and discarded. These unused agro-byproducts can potentially be converted into solid fuel for value addition. The energy potentials of solid fuels are generally characterized by proximate analysis and measuring calorific value; however, owing to the use of coal and coke, both the analyses could be expensive and time-consuming. Proximate an

The interfacial contact area between the fuel and oxidizer components plays an important role in determining the combustion reactivity of nanothermite composites. In addition, the development of compact and reliable ignition methods can extend the applicability of nanothermite composites to various thermal engineering fields. In this study we report the development of a micro-chip initiator with controlled combustion reactivity using concepts usually applied to microelectromechanical systems (ME

Blacks have greater reduction in mortality than whites by undergoing CABG at higher-volume hospitals, regardless of operative risk. Because of limited generalizability, these findings should be confirmed using more representative database.