신동빈 교수

Abstract A methodology is described to construct fully parametric rainfall retrieval algorithms for a variety of passive microwave sensors that exist today and are planned for the future. The Tropical Rainfall Measuring Mission (TRMM) Microwave Imager (TMI) is used to retrieve nonraining geophysical parameters. The method then blends these background geophysical parameters with three-dimensional precipitation fields obtained by matching the TRMM precipitation radar (PR) reflectivity profiles wit

Precipitation estimates from satellite infrared (IR) radiometers are typically based on cloud top temperatures. However, these temperatures are weakly related to surface rainfall, particularly for shallow or warm clouds. This study classifies precipitating clouds into five cloud groups. The classification uses three brightness temperature differences (BTDs) and one BTD difference (ΔBTD) from Himawari‐8 Advanced Himawari Imager (AHI): BTD1 (6.2–11.2 µm), BTD2 (8.6–11.2 µm), BTD3 (11.2–12.4 µm), a

A preliminary climatology of reflectivity profiles derived from the first spaceborne precipitation radar (PR), which is on board the Tropical Rainfall Measuring Mission (TRMM) satellite, is described using the data from January 1998 to February 1999. This study focuses on the behavior of the melting-layer (bright band) altitude in stratiform precipitation. This analysis will be useful for improving passive microwave radiometric estimations of rain rates because it provides information about othe

A comparison of monthly rainfall derived from the version 5 of TRMM Microwave Imager (TMI), Precipitation Radar (PR), TRMM Combined algorithm (TCA) and TMI‐emission algorithm (TMIE) using two years (1998 to 1999) of TRMM data was made. The global (TRMM domain, 40°N∼ 40°S) average rain rates are 3.29, 2.62 and 2.93 mm/day over land and 3.02, 2.47 and 2.54 mm/day over oceans for TMI, PR, and TCA respectively. The TMIE oceanic average is 2.90 mm/day. For both the global and zonal means, the TMI rai

In this paper, we introduce a cloud top-height (CTH) retrieval algorithm using simultaneous observations from the Himawari-8 and FengYun (FY)-2E geostationary (GEO) satellites (hereafter, dual-GEO CTH algorithm). The dual-GEO CTH algorithm estimates CTH based on the parallax, which is the difference in the apparent position of clouds observed from two GEO satellites simultaneously. The dual-GEO CTH algorithm consists of four major procedures: (1) image remapping, (2) image matching, (3) CTH calc

Low earth-orbiting satellites such as the Tropical Rainfall Measuring Mission (TRMM) estimate month-long averages of precipitation (or other fields). A difficulty is that such a satellite sensor returns to the same spot on the planet at discrete intervals, about 11 or 12 h apart. This discrete sampling leads to a sampling error that is the one of the largest components of the error budget. Previous studies have examined this type of error for stationary random fields, but this paper examines the

Passive microwave radiometric signatures are affected by microphysical properties and hydrometeor distributions. Various microphysical properties of hydrometeors assumed in numerical simulations of precipitating clouds cause the different emission and scattering signals. This study compares the radiometric signatures obtained from five microphysics (MP) schemes of the Weather Research and Forecasting (WRF) model during the simulation of eight typhoons with respect to Tropical Rainfall Measuring

In this study, attempts were made to develop a garlic juice extraction method that would result in minimum changes in quality. Protopectinase and a mutienzyme containing cellulase, pectinesterase, , etc. were applied to garlic residue after first extraction, and the yields of garlic juice and the flavor component changes of the juices were investigated. Enzyme concentrations of 0.04, 0.08, and 0.12% which were based on pulp weight before extraction were added and allowed to hydrolyze for 30, 60,

Abstract A physical–statistical algorithm for estimating space–time average oceanic rainfall has been applied to microwave measurements taken by the Special Sensor Microwave Imager (SSM/I) on board the Defense Meteorological Satellite Program (DMSP) satellites and the Tropical Rainfall Measuring Mission (TRMM) Microwave Imager (TMI) on board the TRMM satellite. The algorithm is based on Microwave Emission Brightness Temperature Histograms (METH) and produces monthly rainfall over 5° × 5° latitud

The atmospheric effects on the retrieval of sea ice concentration from passive microwave sensors were examined using simulated data typical for the Arctic summer. The simulation includes atmospheric contributions of cloud liquid water (CLW), water vapour (WV) and surface wind on the microwave signatures. A plane parallel radiative transfer model was used to compute brightness temperatures at SSM/I frequencies over surfaces that contained open water, first‐year (FY) ice, multi‐year (MY) ice and t

Stereoscopic cloud-top height (CTH) retrieval from two geostationary (GEO) satellites is usually realized through a visible (VIS) band with a high horizontal resolution. A stereoscopic-based CTH retrieval algorithm (prototype dual-GEO CTH algorithm) proposed in our previous study also adopts this approach. Although this approach can retrieve accurate stereoscopic CTHs, the heights of optically thin upper clouds overlying the lower clouds are challenging to retrieve because the parallax differenc