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Exosomes are a class of extracellular vesicles of around 100 nm in diameter that are secreted by most cells and contain various bioactive molecules reflecting their cellular origin and mediate intercellular communication. Studies of these exosomal features in tumor pathogenesis have led to the development of therapeutic and diagnostic approaches using exosomes for cancer therapy. Exosomes have many advantages for conveying therapeutic agents such as small interfering RNAs, microRNAs, membrane-as

An efficient system for direct delivery of integral membrane proteins is successfully developed using a new biocompatible exosome-based platform. Fusogenic exosomes harboring viral fusogen, vascular stomatitis virus (VSV)-G protein, can fuse with and modify plasma membranes in a process called "membrane editing." This can facilitate the transfer of biologically active membrane proteins into the target cell membranes both in vitro and in vivo.

Abstract As biochemical and functional studies of membrane protein remain a challenge, there is growing interest in the application of nanotechnology to solve the difficulties of developing membrane protein therapeutics. Exosome, composed of lipid bilayer enclosed nanosized extracellular vesicles, is a successful platform for providing a native membrane composition. This study reports an enzymatic exosome, which harbors native PH20 hyaluronidase (Exo‐PH20), which is able to penetrate deeply into

Abstract Activation of T cell immune response is critical for the therapeutic efficacy of cancer immunotherapy. Current immunotherapies have shown remarkable clinical success against several cancers; however, significant responses remain restricted to a minority of patients. Here, we show a therapeutic strategy that combines enhancing the phagocytic activity of antigen-presenting cells with immunogenic cell death to trigger efficient antitumour immunity. Rho-kinase (ROCK) blockade increases canc

Background Statins preferentially promote tumor-specific apoptosis by depleting isoprenoid such as farnesyl pyrophosphate and geranylgeranyl pyrophosphate. However, statins have not yet been approved for clinical cancer treatment due, in part, to poor understanding of molecular determinants on statin sensitivity. Here, we investigated the potential of statins to elicit enhanced immunogenicity of KRAS -mutant ( KRAS mut ) tumors. Methods The immunogenicity of treated cancer cells was determined b

BACKGROUND: Triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) poses unique challenges due to its complex nature and the need for more effective treatments. Recent studies showed encouraging outcomes from combining paclitaxel (PTX) with programmed cell death protein-1 (PD-1) blockade in treating TNBC, although the exact mechanisms behind the improved results are unclear. METHODS: We employed an integrated approach, analyzing spatial transcriptomics and single-cell RNA sequencing data from TNBC patients to und

Abstract Boiling histotripsy (BH) is a completely non‐invasive ultrasonic technique that can be used to mechanically destroy tumor tissues. Studies have shown that BH has biological effects on immune responses, but the mechanisms involved in the induction and enhancement of systemic anti‐tumor immune responses after BH treatment are poorly understood. The present study therefore investigates the anti‐tumor immune responses triggered by BH exposure in vivo. In a syngeneic tumor model, BH treatmen

Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are nanovesicles that are naturally released from cells in a lipid bilayer-bound form. A subset population with a size of 200 nm, small EVs (sEVs), is enticing in many ways. Initially perceived as mere waste receptacles, sEVs have revealed other biological functions, such as cell-to-cell signal transduction and communication. Besides their notable biological functions, sEVs have profound advantages as future drug modalities: (i) excellent biocompatibility, (ii) high

Acute liver failure (ALF) is a life-threatening condition caused by rapid hepatocyte death and impaired liver regeneration. Here we show that extracellular vesicles engineered to express Signal Regulatory Protein Alpha (SIRP-EVs), produced via a scalable 3D bioreactor process with high yield and purity, exhibit significant therapeutic potential by targeting damaged cells and promoting tissue repair. SIRP-EVs block CD47, a crucial inhibitory signal on necroptotic cells, to enhance macrophage-medi

Pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) is a severe disease characterized by endothelial dysfunction, vascular remodeling, and pulmonary artery occlusion, culminating in right ventricular hypertrophy and heart failure. While apelin peptides are promising therapeutic candidates due to their critical role in vascular homeostasis, their efficacy as agonists is limited by insufficient lesion-specific targeting and suboptimal in vivo stability. Here, we developed an engineered extracellular vesicle (EV