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DeepMind presented notably accurate predictions at the recent 14th Critical Assessment of Structure Prediction (CASP14) conference. We explored network architectures that incorporate related ideas and obtained the best performance with a three-track network in which information at the one-dimensional (1D) sequence level, the 2D distance map level, and the 3D coordinate level is successively transformed and integrated. The three-track network produces structure predictions with accuracies approac

Deep-learning methods have revolutionized protein structure prediction and design but are presently limited to protein-only systems. We describe RoseTTAFold All-Atom (RFAA), which combines a residue-based representation of amino acids and DNA bases with an atomic representation of all other groups to model assemblies that contain proteins, nucleic acids, small molecules, metals, and covalent modifications, given their sequences and chemical structures. By fine-tuning on denoising tasks, we devel

Abstract De novo enzyme design has sought to introduce active sites and substrate-binding pockets that are predicted to catalyse a reaction of interest into geometrically compatible native scaffolds 1,2 , but has been limited by a lack of suitable protein structures and the complexity of native protein sequence–structure relationships. Here we describe a deep-learning-based ‘family-wide hallucination’ approach that generates large numbers of idealized protein structures containing diverse pocket

Abstract Many peptide hormones form an α-helix on binding their receptors 1–4 , and sensitive methods for their detection could contribute to better clinical management of disease 5 . De novo protein design can now generate binders with high affinity and specificity to structured proteins 6,7 . However, the design of interactions between proteins and short peptides with helical propensity is an unmet challenge. Here we describe parametric generation and deep learning-based methods for designing

Protein sequence design in the context of small molecules, nucleotides and metals is critical to enzyme and small-molecule binder and sensor design, but current state-of-the-art deep-learning-based sequence design methods are unable to model nonprotein atoms and molecules. Here we describe a deep-learning-based protein sequence design method called LigandMPNN that explicitly models all nonprotein components of biomolecular systems. LigandMPNN significantly outperforms Rosetta and ProteinMPNN on

We present the results for CAPRI Round 30, the first joint CASP-CAPRI experiment, which brought together experts from the protein structure prediction and protein-protein docking communities. The Round comprised 25 targets from amongst those submitted for the CASP11 prediction experiment of 2014. The targets included mostly homodimers, a few homotetramers, and two heterodimers, and comprised protein chains that could readily be modeled using templates from the Protein Data Bank. On average 24 CA

The 3D structure of a protein can be predicted from its amino acid sequence with high accuracy for a large fraction of cases because of the availability of large quantities of experimental data and the advance of computational algorithms. Recently, deep learning methods exploiting the coevolution information obtained by comparing related protein sequences have been successfully used to generate highly accurate model structures even in the absence of template structure information. However, struc

Protein structures predicted by state-of-the-art template-based methods may still have errors when the template proteins are not similar enough to the target protein. Overall target structure may deviate from the template structures owing to differences in sequences. Structural information for some local regions such as loops may not be available when there are sequence insertions or deletions. Those structural aspects that originate from deviations from templates can be dealt with by ab initio

Abstract Although AlphaFold2 (AF2) and RoseTTAFold (RF) have transformed structural biology by enabling high-accuracy protein structure modeling, they are unable to model covalent modifications or interactions with small molecules and other non-protein molecules that can play key roles in biological function. Here, we describe RoseTTAFold All-Atom (RFAA), a deep network capable of modeling full biological assemblies containing proteins, nucleic acids, small molecules, metals, and covalent modifi

Protein loop modeling is a tool for predicting protein local structures of particular interest, providing opportunities for applications involving protein structure prediction and de novo protein design. Until recently, the majority of loop modeling methods have been developed and tested by reconstructing loops in frameworks of experimentally resolved structures. In many practical applications, however, the protein loops to be modeled are located in inaccurate structural environments. These incl

We describe an approach for designing high-affinity small molecule-binding proteins poised for downstream sensing. We use deep learning-generated pseudocycles with repeating structural units surrounding central binding pockets with widely varying shapes that depend on the geometry and number of the repeat units. We dock small molecules of interest into the most shape complementary of these pseudocycles, design the interaction surfaces for high binding affinity, and experimentally screen to ident

Protein structure prediction has become extremely accurate, and its results are now comparable with those of experimental methods for a large number of proteins. However, there remain some technical hurdles to clear before the current structure prediction tools can be directly applied to a wide range of biomedical problems. New perspectives on future developments in the area of structure prediction and its biomedical applications are presented.

Abstract Protein sequence design in the context of small molecules, nucleotides, and metals is critical to enzyme and small molecule binder and sensor design, but current state-of-the-art deep learning-based sequence design methods are unable to model non-protein atoms and molecules. Here, we describe a deep learning-based protein sequence design method called LigandMPNN that explicitly models all non-protein components of biomolecular systems. LigandMPNN significantly outperforms Rosetta and Pr

BACKGROUND: The Critical Assessment of Genome Interpretation (CAGI) aims to advance the state-of-the-art for computational prediction of genetic variant impact, particularly where relevant to disease. The five complete editions of the CAGI community experiment comprised 50 challenges, in which participants made blind predictions of phenotypes from genetic data, and these were evaluated by independent assessors. RESULTS: Performance was particularly strong for clinical pathogenic variants, includ