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Among various active cell balancing circuits, a switched capacitor circuit is promising because it can be implemented with low cost and small size. However, when the switched capacitor is applied in the lithium-ion battery, cell balancing speed is generally slow when the number of batteries is high. Therefore, this paper proposes the chain structure of the switched capacitor to increase balancing speed, particularly among outer cells. In this paper, the cell balancing principle of the convention

In the lithium-ion battery systems for electric vehicles (EVs), a battery management system (BMS) is essential for enhancing the battery's life cycle and safety. As a result, a BMS is required to realize both the effective cell monitoring and balancing. Moreover, individual cell balancing and monitoring circuit with a smaller size are required in a large number of battery cells. To meet these requirements, a modularized charge equalizer using the monitoring integrated circuit (IC) is proposed fo

Based on the fact that a hybrid electric vehicle (HEV) connects a high number of batteries in series to obtain more than approximately 300 V, this paper proposes a modularized charge equalizer for an HEV battery pack. In this paper, the overall battery string is modularized into <i xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">M*N</i> cells, where <i xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">M</i> is the

This paper presents a theoretical analysis, an optimal design method, and experimental results for a wireless power transfer (WPT) system with an intermediate coil. The analytical expression of the dc voltage transfer function is presented and discussed. In a two-coil WPT system, which has low coupling coefficient, the intermediate coil boosts the apparent self-inductance and magnetizing inductance of the primary side at around the resonance frequency of the intermediate coil, so that the appare

For a nonisolated high step-up converter, the combination of a boost converter with a series output module is investigated in this paper. As a solution to supplement the insufficient step-up ratio and distribute a voltage stress of a classical boost converter, a sepic-integrated boost (SIB) converter, which provides an additional step-up gain with the help of an isolated sepic converter, is proposed. Since the boost converter and the sepic converter share a boost inductor and a switch, its struc

The charge equalizer design for a series-connected battery string is very challenging because it needs to satisfy many requirements, such as implementation possibility, equalization speed, equalization efficiency, controller simplicity, size and cost issues, voltage and current stress, and so on. Numerous algorithms and circuits were developed to meet the foregoing demands, and some interesting results have been obtained. However, for a large number of cells, for example, 80 or more batteries, t

A new active clamping zero-voltage switching (ZVS) pulse-width modulation (PWM) current-fed half-bridge converter (CFHB) is proposed in this paper. Its active clamping snubber (ACS) can not only absorb the voltage surge across the turned-off switch, but also achieve the ZVS of all power switches. Moreover, it can be applied to all current-fed power conversion topologies and its operation as well as structure is very simple. Since auxiliary switches in the snubber circuit are switched in a comple

In this paper, a new cell-to-cell charge equalization converter using a multiwinding transformer is proposed. The proposed scheme achieves the direct cell-to-cell charge transportation by buck-boost and flyback operation. In this operation, the adjacent two cells share either a current path or a tap of multiwinding transformer. Therefore, the number of windings ia cut in half in comparison to the number of batteries, resulting in a small circuit size. To verify the operation of the proposed char

In lithium-ion battery system for hybrid electric vehicle, charge equalizer is essential to enhance the battery life cycle and safety. However, for a large number of battery cells, a conventional equalizer has the difficulty of individual cell balancing and the implementation size problem as well as the cost. Moreover, it shows high voltage stress of electrical elements in the equalization converter due to the high voltage of battery pack. To improve these drawbacks, this paper proposes a modula

This paper proposes a new interleaved buck converter (IBC) having low switching losses and improved step-down conversion ratio, which is suitable for the applications where the input voltage is high and the operating duty is below 50%. It is similar to the conventional IBC, but two active switches are connected in series and a coupling capacitor is employed in the power path, such as Cuk, Sepic, and Zeta converters. The proposed IBC shows that since the voltage stress across all the active switc

The output voltage of an adapter for a laptop computer should vary according to the load current in order to supply power to the computer. To satisfy this requirement, an LLC resonant converter with an adaptive link-voltage-variation (ALVV) scheme is proposed in this letter. The proposed ALVV scheme helps the LLC resonant converter to operate at a nearly constant resonant frequency and also allows for the optimal design of the converter. High power density and high efficiency can therefore be ob

Among the various cell balancing circuits for series-connected batteries, the bidirectional cell-to-cell balancing structure using two switches per cell shows good balancing ability. However, an increase in the number of switches leads to an increase in both cost and size. To reduce the number of switches, this paper proposes a new cell-to-cell balancing circuit with a center-cell concentration structure. The proposed circuit collects the charges of an overcharged cell into the center cell, and

To obtain a high step-up gain with high efficiency in nonisolated applications, a high step-up technique based on isolated-type converters is introduced in this paper. By stacking the secondary side of an isolated converter in addition to its primary side, a high step-up conversion ratio and a distributed voltage stress can be achieved. Moreover, a careful choice of an isolated converter can provide zero-voltage switching, continuous input current, and reduced reverse recovery on diodes. Based o

The paper describes modelling and current control techniques of a distribution static compensator (D-STATCOM). Current control is based on the predictive and the space vector pulse-width modulation (PWM) scheme. The predictive current-controlled PWM D-STATCOM can maintain its performance with reactive power compensation and a fixed switching frequency. By using the space vector control, low ripple and offset in the current and the voltage as well as fast dynamic responses are achieved using a sm

The operation, efficiency, and reliability of two topologies are compared for a modular power proces­sor. To simplify the gate drive circuits, N-P MOSFETs coupled active clamp method is newly proposed. An efficien­cy above 89% for the 50-100% load range is achieved. This paper provides design details for the power stage and the current-mode control circuit of an interleaved active clamp ZVS forward converter.