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INTRODUCTION: Olfactory dysfunction is common in Alzheimer's disease- and Lewy body-related disorders, but its neural correlates have not been clearly elucidated. METHODS: We retrospectively recruited 237 patients with Alzheimer's disease-related cognitive impairment (ADCI) and 217 with Lewy body-related cognitive impairment (LBCI). They were identically evaluated using the Cross-Cultural Smell Identification Test, neuropsychological tests, and brain magnetic resonance imaging. RESULTS: LBCI had

We have demonstrated that a higher-than-normal BMI at the time of a PD diagnosis has a protective effect against the deterioration of cognitive function and the conversion to dementia.

Baseline olfactory dysfunction was not associated with motor deficits and complications, but it was associated with cognitive dysfunction and prognosis, suggesting that severe olfactory impairment may reflect early cortical involvement, probably in the frontotemporal region, and rapid spreading of Lewy body pathology.

PURPOSE: To investigate whether the patterns of striatal dopamine depletion could provide prognostic information on the clinical profiles of early-stage Parkinson disease (PD). METHODS: Approximately 634 patients with drug-naive PD who underwent F-FP-CIT PET scans were followed up for at least 2 years. After quantifying dopamine transporter (DAT) availability in each striatal subregion, the patterns of striatal dopamine depletion of each patient were assessed based on (1) the degree of dopamine

Objective We aimed to determine the association between striatal dopaminergic depletion, cerebral β‐amyloid deposition, and cognitive dysfunction in Lewy body disease (LBD). Methods This cross‐sectional study recruited 48 LBD patients (30 with dementia, 18 with mild cognitive impairment) and 15 control subjects from a university‐based hospital. We measured the striatal dopamine transporter (DAT) activity and regional β‐amyloid burden using N ‐(3‐[ 18 F]fluoropropyl)‐2β‐carbon ethoxy‐3β‐(4‐iodoph

BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: Widespread use of thrombolytic treatments, along with improved chances of survival after an initial ischemic stroke, increases the possibility of repeated thrombolysis. There are few reports, however, regarding repeated thrombolysis in patients who have suffered acute ischemic stroke. We explored the number and outcome of patients with repeated thrombolytic therapy in the era of multimodal thrombolytic treatments. METHODS: We investigated patients with acute ischemic stro

OBJECTIVE: The precise pathogenesis or neural correlates underlying levodopa-induced dyskinesia (LID) remains poorly understood. There is growing evidence of the involvement of the cerebellum in Parkinson's disease (PD). The present study evaluated the role of motor cerebellar connectivity in determining vulnerability to LID. METHODS: We enrolled 25 de novo patients with PD who developed LID within 5 years of levodopa treatment, 26 propensity score-matched PD patients who had not developed LID,

OBJECTIVE: To assess the relationship between the development of levodopa-induced dyskinesia (LID) and longitudinal changes in cognition. METHODS: In this retrospective cohort study, we recruited 119 patients with Parkinson disease (PD) who underwent baseline and follow-up neuropsychological evaluations and were treated with levodopa for >5 years. On the basis of LID development, the patients were classified as patients with LID (PD-LID+, n = 38) or without LID (PD-LID-, n = 81) within 5 years o

The clomipramine (CLI) model of depression was used to examine whether exercise has antidepressant-like effects. Male Sprague-Dawley pups were injected with CLI-HCl (40 mg/kg/day) from age 8 to 21 days. At age 4 weeks, rats were assigned to one of five conditions: (1) sedentary; (2) 24-h access to an activity wheel; (3) sedentary + imipramine-HCl (10 mg/kg/twice daily) during the last 10 days of the experiment; (4) wheel running + imipramine; (5) daily treadmill running. At age 16 weeks, rats un

We demonstrated that PD patients with punding performed poorly on cognitive tasks in frontal executive functions and showed severe cortical thinning in the dorsolateral prefrontal and orbitofrontal areas. These findings suggest that prefrontal modulation may be an essential component in the development of punding behavior in patients with PD.

<h3>Objective</h3> To investigate the relationship between β-amyloid (Aβ) deposition and striatal dopamine depletion, cognitive functions, and neuropsychiatric symptoms in dementia with Lewy bodies (DLB). <h3>Methods</h3> We consecutively recruited 51 patients with DLB who had undergone a neuropsychological test, Neuropsychiatric Inventory assessment, brain MRI, <i>N</i>-(3-[¹⁸F]fluoropropyl)-2β-carbon ethoxy-3β-(4-iodophenyl) PET, and ¹⁸F-florbetaben PET within 6 months. T

BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: Anosognosia refers to a deficit of self-awareness or impaired insight for cognitive and behavioral problems. Cognitive anosognosia was explored in de novo patients with Parkinson's disease (PD) and its relationship to cognitive function and neuropsychiatric symptoms was investigated. METHODS: The cross-sectional study enrolled 340 drug-naïve patients with PD. According to the presence of mild cognitive impairment (MCI) and subjective cognitive complaint, patients were cla