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AIMS: To determine the diameters, angles and sectional area of the bony nasolacrimal canal using computed tomography for obtaining detailed anatomical knowledge of the drainage system and utilizing these measurements in planning interventions for nasolacrimal duct obstruction in adults and children. METHODS: Using standard computed tomographic images, we measured the diameters, angles and sectional area of the bony nasolacrimal duct in 228 patients without nasolacrimal duct disease. RESULTS: The

This survey study examined the extent to which early intervention professionals in a midwestern metropolitan area considered cultural factors important and the extent to which their practice reflected recommendations cited in the literature for providing culturally-appropriate services. Characteristics of these professionals and the barriers they have faced in providing services to children birth to age 3 and their families were also examined. Although professionals considered recommendations fo

The combination surgery in Group C and simple posterior layer advancement of the LER in Group B provided complete surgical success. The present study suggests the importance of preoperative evaluation of horizontal laxity, allowing surgeons to perform the least amount of surgery to achieve success.

OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to determine whether the optic nerve is affected by thyroid eye disease (TED) before the development of dysthyroid optic neuropathy with diffusion-tensor imaging (DTI). METHODS: Twenty TED patients and 20 controls were included. The mean, axial, and radial diffusivities and fractional anisotropy (FA) value were measured at the optic nerves in DTI. Extraocular muscle diameters were measured on computed tomography. The diffusivities and FA of the optic nerves w

Normal eyelid contour in Asians was the shape of an arch that has higher temporal lid contour than the nasal one. There were remarkable decreases in midpupil lid distances in the temporal sectors of the lid fissure with aging, especially at the lateral canthal end. Consideration of the normal shapes and parameters of eyelid contour may improve preoperative planning in aesthetic and reconstruction procedures of the eyelid to restore youthful eyelids.

Unilateral NLD obstruction appears to occur on the side in which the nasal septum is deviated, and nasal septal deviation tends to be toward the smaller side of the face. Also, the degree of facial asymmetry and nasal septal deviation may affect NLD obstruction. This study showed that facial asymmetry and nasal septal deviation could be a cause of unilateral NLD obstruction. This finding can aid in differentiating lacrimal duct obstruction, especially when combined with physical examination.

Our study revealed that the entire orbicularis oculi muscle layer remained morphologically intact with aging. Moreover, our findings suggests that a minimally invasive surgical approach with muscle sparing in upper blepharoplasty in selected patients could yield good results in terms of cosmetic outcomes and upper eyelid function while minimizing postoperative complications.

Trapdoor fractures of the orbital floor revealed a high incidence of persistent diplopia associated with extraocular muscle and soft tissue entrapment in the pediatric population, but actual entrapment of the muscle belly was confirmed in only 27.8% of patients endoscopically. Temporary hypertropia (31.2%) occurred in trapdoor fractures of the orbital floor but improved after 2 months of follow-up in every patient. Marked motility restriction and nausea/vomiting are predictive of trapdoor fractu

Thermal cauterization of the orbital septum and lash-rotating sutures were very useful and effective for treating epiblepharon.

This study was undertaken to evaluate the clinical characteristics and efficacy of the lateral tarsal strip (TS) and medial spindle procedure (MS). We conducted a retrospective chart review of the patients who underwent TS and MS between September 2008 and July 2011 by a single surgeon (S.H.B.). Data were collected on patient age, sex, laterality, diagnosis, procedures performed simultaneously, follow-up duration, postoperative complications, and surgical outcomes. One hundred eleven eyelids of

Sufficient dissection to the posterior extent of the fracture and reconstruction of the orbital floor slope are the most important surgical factors to prevent residual enophthalmos. The authors believe using an endoscope and layered porous polyethylene are effective techniques in challenging patients with large orbital wall fracture.

Because there was no fibrovascular ingrowth into the absorbable copolymer implant, such implants may be advantageous in orbital wall fractures with exposures of extraocular muscle. However, the possibility of migration and extrusion of the implant cannot be excluded because there was no fibrovascular ingrowth into the absorbable copolymer implants. Therefore, nonabsorbable porous polyethylene implants are better suited for use in orbital wall fractures when there is concern about implant migrati

Primary paranasal sinus lymphoma is an uncommon malignancy that accounts for only 0.17% of all lymphomas and is often difficult to diagnose. Initially, tumors in this area cause very few symptoms and are at an advanced stage at the time of diagnosis. Ophthalmologic signs and symptoms occur early in the disease process because of close proximity of the orbit to the paranasal sinuses. We report on a case of primary malignant lymphoma of the sphenoid and ethmoid sinuses with involvement of the cave