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INTRODUCTION Parkinson’s disease (PD) is the second most common neurodegenerative disorder and leads to slowness of movement, tremor, rigidity, and, in the later stages of PD, cognitive impairment. Pathologically, PD is characterized by the accumulation of α-synuclein in Lewy bodies and neurites. There is degeneration of neurons throughout the nervous system, with the degeneration of dopamine neurons in the substantia nigra pars compacta leading to the major symptoms of PD. RATIONALE In the brai

The pathologic accumulation and aggregation of α-synuclein (α-syn) underlies Parkinson's disease (PD). The molecular mechanisms by which pathologic α-syn causes neurodegeneration in PD are not known. Here, we found that pathologic α-syn activates poly(adenosine 5'-diphosphate-ribose) (PAR) polymerase-1 (PARP-1), and PAR generation accelerates the formation of pathologic α-syn, resulting in cell death via parthanatos. PARP inhibitors or genetic deletion of PARP-1 prevented pathologic α-syn toxici

Inhibition or genetic deletion of poly(ADP-ribose) (PAR) polymerase-1 (PARP-1) is protective against toxic insults in many organ systems. The molecular mechanisms underlying PARP-1-dependent cell death involve release of mitochondrial apoptosis-inducing factor (AIF) and its translocation to the nucleus, which results in chromatinolysis. We identified macrophage migration inhibitory factor (MIF) as a PARP-1-dependent AIF-associated nuclease (PAAN). AIF was required for recruitment of MIF to the n

Abnormally hyperphosphorylated tau is often caused by tau kinases, such as GSK3β and Cdk5. Such occurrence leads to neurofibrillary tangle formation and neuronal degeneration in tauopathy, including Alzheimer's disease (AD). However, little is known about the signaling cascade underlying the pathologic phosphorylation of tau by Aβ(42). In this study, we show that adenylate kinase 1 (AK1) is a novel regulator of abnormal tau phosphorylation. AK1 expression is markedly increased in the brains of A

Abstract Objective Protein phosphatase 2A ( PP 2A) is a heterotrimeric holoenzyme composed of a catalytic C subunit, a structural A subunit, and one of several regulatory B subunits that confer substrate specificity. The assembly and activity of PP 2A are regulated by reversible methylation of the C subunit. α ‐Synuclein, which aggregates in Parkinson disease ( PD ) and dementia with Lewy bodies ( DLB ), is phosphorylated at Ser 129 , and PP 2A containing a B55 α subunit is a major phospho‐Ser 1

Many of the protective responses observed for flavonoids in the gastrointestinal track resemble aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR)-mediated effects. Therefore, we examined the structure-activity relationships of isoflavones and isomeric flavone and flavanones as AhR ligands on the basis of their induction of CYP1A1, CYP1B1, and UGT1A1 gene expression in colon cancer Caco2 cells and young adult mouse colonocyte (YAMC) cells. Caco2 cells were significantly more Ah-responsive than YAMC cells, and this

The soft cranial window using polydimethylsiloxane allows direct multiple access to neural tissue during long-term monitoring. However, the chronic effects of soft window installation on the brain have not been fully studied. Here, we investigate the long-term effects of soft window installation on sensory-evoked cerebral hemodynamics and neuronal activity. We monitored the brain tissue immunocytohistology for 6 weeks postinstallation. Heightened reactive astrocytic and microglia levels were fou

Albumin is known to have neuroprotective effects. The protein has a long half-life circulation, and its effects can therefore persist for a long time to aid in the recovery of brain ischemia. In the present study, we investigated the neuroprotective effects of human serum albumin (HSA) on brain hemodynamics. Albumin is administrated using repeated oral gavage to the rodents. Sprague-Dawley rats underwent middle cerebral artery occlusion procedures and served as a stroke model. Afterwards, 25% hu

PURPOSE: The purpose of the study was to identify key nursing diagnoses with related factors and signs/symptoms using NANDA-I for patients with heart failure (HF). METHODS: A retrospective descriptive design was used to address the research questions. Data were obtained from the records of patients discharged for 1 year with the medical diagnoses of HF from a Midwestern community hospital. A total of 272 inpatient records were analyzed to describe the frequency and percentage of NANDA-I diagnosi

The purpose of this study was to identify the core nursing sensitive outcomes according to the most frequently used five North American Nursing Diagnosis Association-International for patients with cerebrovascular disease using the Nursing Outcomes Classification (NOC). A cross-sectional survey design was used. First, nursing problems were identified through 78 charts review, and then linkages between each of nursing problems and nursing sensitive outcomes were established and validated by an ex

본 연구는 초등학생의 온라인 영재교육 수강 동기 요인을 규명하고, 수강 동기 요인과 학습 참여도 및 학업성취도와의 관계를 탐색하고자 하였다. 이를 위해 선행연구에서 고려되었던 온라인 수강 동기 및 영재교육 참여 동기 문항 등으로 요인을 구성하여, 2020년 K 대학 온라인 영재교육 과정에 참여한 초등학생 439명을 대상으로 설문 조사 후 문항 분석과 탐색적 요인 분석을 실시하였다. 연구 결과, 초등학생의 온라인 영재교육 수강 동기 요인은 도전적 과제 및 심화된 학습 경험에 대한 요구, 온라인 학습의 편의성 및 자기주도성, 지적호기심 충족을 위한 의사소통 기회 확대, 학교 수업에 대한 보충 및 심화 등 총 4개의 요인이 추출되었다. 추출된 수강 동기 요인과 학습 참여도 및 학업 성취도와의 관계를 분석한 결과, 도전적 과제 및 심화된 학습 경험에 대한 요구가 학습 참여도 및 학업성취도에 영향을 미치는 핵심적인 동기 요인으로 확인되었다. 이러한 연구 결과를 바탕으로 다양한 영재학습자의 교