박형규 교수

We report gas and water flow measurements through microfabricated membranes in which aligned carbon nanotubes with diameters of less than 2 nanometers serve as pores. The measured gas flow exceeds predictions of the Knudsen diffusion model by more than an order of magnitude. The measured water flow exceeds values calculated from continuum hydrodynamics models by more than three orders of magnitude and is comparable to flow rates extrapolated from molecular dynamics simulations. The gas and water

Fast transport of water inside nanoscale graphitic surfaces, namely carbon nanotubes and graphene, forms the basis of aqueous carbon nanofluidic phenomena for which there are numerous applications in energy and environmental fields. In this tutorial review, we provide the basic principles of nanofluidics using carbon materials. We also address thermodynamic and structural aspects of favourable water confinement between hydrophobic carbon surfaces. We outline the experimental and theoretical hist

Two-dimensional (2D) subnanometer channels allow unique mass transport promising for molecular sieving. New 2D channels of MoS 2 nanosheets allow one to understand molecular transmission and separation, unlike the graphene oxide counterpart containing various defects and cationic metal contaminants. Membranes from layered MoS 2 platelets show extraordinary stability in an aqueous environment and compatibility with polymer filters, both beneficial to efficient manufacturing. Sharing gas-tightness

It has been claimed that graphene growth on copper by chemical vapor deposition is dominated by crystallization from the surface initially supersaturated with carbon adatoms, which implies that the growth is independent of hydrocarbon addition after the nucleation phase. Here, we present an alternative growth model based on our observations that oppose this claim. Our Gompertzian sigmoidal growth kinetics and secondary nucleation behavior support the postulate that the growth can be controlled b

We review recent advances in nanoelectrode architecture for photochemical hydrogen production by water splitting. Today, solar energy is recognized as one of the most important renewable energy sources that humanity must harness in addressing the future energy sustainability issues. Of the different strategies for solar energy conversion, solar fuel or solar hydrogen conversion is attractive in that one can store the harvested energy in chemical bonds. Recent work in this field has focused on th

We report experimentally and theoretically the behavior of freestanding graphene subjected to bombardment of energetic ions, investigating the capability of large-scale patterning of freestanding graphene with nanometer sized features by focused ion beam technology. A precise control over the He(+) and Ga(+) irradiation offered by focused ion beam techniques enables investigating the interaction of the energetic particles and graphene suspended with no support and allows determining sputter yiel

and Ag) onto porous carbon electrodes (activated carbon cloth) with only minimal use of a conductive additive and a polymer binder (<1 wt % in total). Optimized pseudocapacitive electrodes result in excellent single-electrode specific capacitance (>300 F/g) and great cell stability (70% retention after 500 cycles). A CDI cell out of these pseudocapacitive electrodes yields as high charge efficiency as 83% and a remarkable salt adsorption capacity up to 17.8 mg/g. Our finding of outstanding CDI p

Surface adsorption plays a critical role in a wide variety of fields from surface catalysis to molecular separation. Despite the importance, limited access to simultaneously sensitive and selective detection mechanisms has hampered the acquisition of comprehensive and versatile experimental data needed to understand the complex aspects of mixture adsorption, calling for a molecular detection method capable of obtaining the surface adsorption isotherms over a wide range of concentrations as well

Osmosis plays a central role in many chemical separation processes. Among various biological and artificial channels, carbon nanotubes (CNTs) stand out due to their exceptional water transport efficiency and variability of pore-size, down to molecular dimensions, thereby approaching ideal semipermeability. We report osmotically driven water and salt transport across a membrane of vertically aligned CNTs in a titania matrix whose surface is functionalized with a self-assembled monolayer of octade

A study of the reforming rates, heat transfer and flow through a methanol reforming catalytic microreactor fabricated on a silicon wafer are presented. Packed bed microchannel reactors were fabricated using silicon DRIE, followed by wafer bonding. The reactor bed was subsequently filled with catalyst particles. Thermal control is achieved through on-chip resistive heaters, whereby methanol steam reforming reactions were studied over a temperature range from 180-300 /spl deg/C. Three simulations

A highly sensitive substrate for surface enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS) is formed by arrays of gold-coated metallic carbon nanotubes having a nanoinsert of high-k dielectric (hafnia) as an energy coupling barrier. Repeated femtomolar detection of 1,2 bis-(4-pyridyl)-ethylene in solution demonstrates the critical contribution of this plasmonic energy coupling barrier to the enhanced chemical sensitivity.

With potential benefits to the 71 million contact lens users worldwide, contact lenses are being reinvented in the form of smart wearable electronics. In this issue of ACS Nano, Lee et al. report on the fascinating functions of a graphene-based smart contact lens that is able to protect eyes from electromagnetic waves and dehydration. Graphene and two-dimensional materials can be exploited in many opportunities in the development of smart contact lenses. Here, we briefly review and describe pros

Fe–Mo bimetallic catalyst is a promising candidate for achieving efficient growth and fine structures of vertically aligned carbon nanotubes (VA-CNTs) by catalytic chemical vapor deposition (CVD). Understanding the surface morphological evolution of a bilayer metal film and accompanied changes in the resultant CNT structure is a key to modulating the VA-CNT growth. We correlate the growth rates and individual CNT structures with the Fe–Mo catalyst morphological evolution. At CVD conditions, the

Reverse osmosis (RO) elements operating at a low pressure (LP) or a low energy (LE) are generally called “LPRO” or “LERO”, and the nomenclature “LP” and “LE” are convertible due to the interrelated features of the pressure and the energy in the RO process. Not only can LPRO be operated at lower pressures, which enables energy saving, but also at the standard operating pressure with an enhanced permeate flux. In this study, the feasibility of the LPRO element was evaluated in the face of high fou