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This study aimed to determine whether taurine supplementation improves metabolic disturbances and diabetic complications in an animal model for type 2 diabetes. We investigated whether taurine has therapeutic effects on glucose metabolism, lipid metabolism, and diabetic complications in Otsuka Long- Evans Tokushima fatty (OLETF) rats with long-term duration of diabetes. Fourteen 50-week-old OLETF rats with chronic diabetes were fed a diet supplemented with taurine (2%) or a non-supplemented cont

Recent epidemiologic studies clearly showed that early intensive glucose control has a legacy effect for preventing diabetic macrovascular complications. However, the cellular and molecular processes by which high glucose leads to macrovascular complications are poorly understood. Vascular smooth muscle cell (VSMC) dysfunction due to high glucose is a characteristic of diabetic vascular complications. Activation of nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) may play a key role in the regulation of inflammation a

Diabetic vascular complications are among the leading causes of morbidity and mortality in diabetic patients. In the past, many studies have focused on the mechanisms of hyperglycemia-induced chronic vascular complications via the formation of toxic metabolites such as oxidative stress, advanced glycosylated end products, persistent activation of protein kinase C, and increased sorbitol concentrations. However, vascular complications result from imbalances caused by increases in systemic toxic m

Excess fructose consumption contributes to development obesity, metabolic syndrome, and nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). Uric acid (UA), a metabolite of fructose metabolism, may have a direct role in development of NAFLD, with unclear mechanism. This study aimed to evaluate role of fructose and UA in NAFLD and explore mechanisms of allopurinol (Allo, a UA lowering medication) on NAFLD in Otsuka Long-Evans Tokushima Fatty (OLETF) rats fed a high fructose diet (HFrD), with Long-Evans Toku

Obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) has a bidirectional relationship with insulin resistance conditions; however, the mechanism remains unclear. This study aimed to compare dynamic nocturnal glucose changes among patients with OSA of varying levels of severity and evaluate temporal changes associated with the cardinal features of OSA (sympathetic hyperactivation, intermittent hypoxemia, and sleep fragmentation) in nondiabetic subjects. Nocturnal glucose was measured with a continuous glucose monitorin

The role of cortisol in the

BACKGROUND: This study compared carotid ultrasound (CUS) and traditional risk calculations in determining cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM) and investigated whether awareness of CVD affects patient and/or physician behavior. METHODS: In this prospective, observational, multicenter study, 797 participants with type 2 diabetes were assessed using CUS, the United Kingdom Prospective Diabetes Study Risk Engine (UKPDSRE) calculator, and the Framingham Ri

Interleukin 1 (IL-1) is a pleiotropic cytokine with the potential to destroy pancreatic beta-cells, and thought to be involved in the pathogenesis of type I diabetes mellitus. Expression of inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) and subsequent NO formation induced by IL-1beta may impair an islet function in rodents. Inhibition of iNOS may protect against cytokine-induced beta-cell suppression, although cytokines might also induce NO-independent impairment. To examine the role of NO in the IL-1be

BACKGROUND: While randomized controlled trials provide useful information about drug safety and efficacy, they do not always reflect the observed results in the real world. The prospective, observational, non-comparative trial in South Korea was designed to evaluate the efficacy and safety of pitavastatin in clinical practice in 28,343 patients. METHODS: This study was conducted in 893 facilities in Korea from April 2, 2012 to April 1, 2017. This study was designed to administer 1, 2, or 4 mg pi

BACKGROUND/AIMS: Gelidium elegans (GE) is known to have antiobesity effects and beneficial effects on functional bowel symptoms in preclinical studies. The aim of this study was to determine the efficacy and safety of GE intake on bowel symptoms in obese human adults. METHODS: This 12-week single-center randomized double-blind placebo-controlled study was performed from September 2016 to May 2017. Consecutive obese subjects were randomly assigned (1:1) to either GE (1 g) or placebo (1 g) once da