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Abstract Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), the pathogen that causes the disease COVID-19, produces replicase polyproteins 1a and 1ab that contain, respectively, 11 or 16 nonstructural proteins (nsp). Nsp5 is the main protease (M pro ) responsible for cleavage at eleven positions along these polyproteins, including at its own N- and C-terminal boundaries, representing essential processing events for subsequent viral assembly and maturation. We have determined X-ray cry

Although there have been remarkable improvements in stretchable strain sensors, the development of strain sensors with scalable fabrication techniques and which both high sensitivity and stretchability simultaneously is still challenging. In this work, a stretchable strain sensor based on overlapped carbon nanotube (CNT) bundles coupled with a silicone elastomer is presented. The strain sensor with overlapped CNTs is prepared by synthesizing line-patterned vertically aligned CNT bundles and roll

ABSTRACT Few previous studies of socio‐spatial isolation have explored both its spatial and temporal dimensions. This study proposes and implemented four visual methods for analysing socio‐spatial isolation using graphic representation of people's social networks and activity patterns in space and time: 3D space‐time paths, time windows, 3D activity density surfaces, and ring‐based visualisation of social networks. These visualisations utilise both activity‐travel data and social network informa

We present ultra-thin (6 to 31 nm) undoped amorphous silicon/organic hybrid solar cell structure, which can transmit desired color of light. The transmitted colors show great angular tolerance due to the negligible optical phase associated with light propagating in ultra-thin amorphous silicon (a-Si) layers. We achieved the power conversion efficiency of the hybrid cells up to 2 %; and demonstrated that most of the absorbed photons in the undoped a-Si layer contributed to the extracted electric

Abstract Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), the pathogen that causes COVID-19, produces polyproteins 1a and 1ab that contain, respectively, 11 or 16 non-structural proteins (nsp). Nsp5 is the main protease (M pro ) responsible for cleavage at eleven positions along these polyproteins, including at its own N- and C-terminal boundaries, representing essential processing events for viral assembly and maturation. Using C-terminally substituted M pro chimeras, we have deter

CTP:phosphocholine cytidylyltransferase (CCT) is the key regulatory enzyme in the synthesis of phosphatidylcholine, the most abundant phospholipid in eukaryotic cell membranes. The CCT-catalyzed transfer of a cytidylyl group from CTP to phosphocholine to form CDP-choline is regulated by a membrane lipid-dependent mechanism imparted by its C-terminal membrane binding domain. We present the first analysis of a crystal structure of a eukaryotic CCT. A deletion construct of rat CCTalpha spanning res

Glucoamylase from Aspergillus niger is an industrially important biocatalyst that is utilized in the mass production of glucose from raw starch or soluble oligosaccharides. The G1 isoform consists of a catalytic domain and a starch-binding domain connected by a heavily glycosylated linker region. The amino-terminal catalytic domain of the G1 isoform generated by subtilisin cleavage has been crystallized at pH 8.5, which is a significantly higher pH condition than used for previously characterize

Rae1 performs multiple functions in animal systems, acting in interphase as an mRNA export factor and during mitosis as a mitotic checkpoint and spindle assembly regulator. In this study we characterized multiple functions of Rae1 in plants. Virus-induced gene silencing of Nicotiana benthamiana Rae1, NbRae1, which encodes a protein with four WD40 repeats, resulted in growth arrest and abnormal leaf development. NbRae1 was mainly associated with the nuclear envelope during interphase, and NbRae1

We propose a method about power consumption scheduling for shaving peak load at home area using linear programming technique. Problems caused by peak load such as blackout and rolling blackout has occurred recently in the world because hourly peak load consumption is increased rapidly in the same time. So to solve these problems is using ESS. Especially, the most effective method is to utilize ESS and V2G. Electricity of the battery of parked PHEV at home area transmits through V2G to the ESS. T

CTP:phosphocholine cytidylyltransferase (CCT) interconverts between an inactive soluble and active membrane-bound form in response to changes in membrane lipid composition. Activation involves disruption of an inhibitory interaction between the αE helices at the base of the active site and an autoinhibitory (AI) segment in the regulatory M domain and membrane insertion of the M domain as an amphipathic helix. We show that in the CCT soluble form the AI segment functions to suppress kcat and elev

In this study, a novel three-dimensional (3D) bone morphogenic protein-2 (BMP-2)-delivering tannylated polycaprolactone (PCL) (BMP-2/tannic acid (TA)/PCL) scaffold with anti-oxidant, anti-inflammatory, and osteogenic activities was fabricated via simple surface coating with TA, followed by the immobilization of BMP-2 on the TA-coated PCL scaffold. The BMP-2/TA/PCL scaffold showed controlled and sustained BMP-2 release. It effectively scavenged reactive oxygen species (ROS) in cells, and increase

In this paper, an optimal energy management strategy for a cooperative multi-microgrid system with combined cooling, heat and power (CCHP) is proposed and has been verified for a test case of building microgrids (BMGs). Three different demand types of buildings are considered and the BMGs are assumed to be equipped with their own combined heat and power (CHP) generators. In addition, the BMGs are also connected to an external energy network (EEN), which contains a large CHP, an adsorption chille

COVID-19 made considerable changes in the lifestyle of people, which have led to a rise in energy use in homes. So, this study investigated the relationship between COVID-19 and domestic hot water demands. For this purpose, a nondimensional and principal component analysis were conducted to find out the influencing factors using demand data before and after COVID-19 from our study site. Analysis showed that the COVID-19 outbreak affected the daily peak time and the amount of domestic hot water u