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We have identified a distinct pre-naive B cell population circulating in human peripheral blood that exhibits an intermediate phenotype between transitional and naive B cells. Like human transitional B cells, these cells express CD5 but have intermediate densities of CD38, CD10, CD9, and the ABCB1 transporter compared with transitional and naive B cells. These pre-naive B cells account for a majority of circulating human CD5(+) B cells. Importantly, CD5(+) pre-naive B cells could be induced to d

Walnut has been known for its health benefits, including anti-cardiovascular disease and anti-oxidative properties. However, there is limited evidence elucidating its effects on cancer stem cells (CSCs) which represent a small subset of cancer cells that provide resistance against chemotherapy. This study aimed to evaluate the anti-CSCs potential of walnut phenolic extract (WPE) and its bioactive compounds, including (+)-catechin, chlorogenic acid, ellagic acid, and gallic acid. In the present s

BACKGROUND: Most women with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) are diagnosed with the disease in their reproductive years, but the incidence and prevalence of SLE among women of childbearing age have not been studied. The objective of this study was to estimate the incidence and prevalence of SLE among the Korean women of childbearing age. METHODS: Women aged 20 to 44 years with SLE were identified from National Health Insurance Service - National Health Information Database (2009-2016), which c

Sepsis remains a field of active research with many unknown and unanswered questions. Over the past few decades, advancements in sepsis management have led to improved mortality and morbidity. This article will review the current evidence-based practices of the treatment of sepsis and septic shock. It will also critically appraise some of the current controversies in sepsis management, such as fluids, steroids, early vasopressors, early goal-directed therapy and immunotherapy.

INTRODUCTION: Pre-naïve B cells represent an intermediate stage in human B-cell development with some functions of mature cells, but their involvement in immune responses is unknown. The aim of this study was to determine the functional role of normal pre-naïve B cells during immune responses and possible abnormalities in systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) that might contribute to disease pathogenesis. METHODS: Pre-naïve, naïve, and memory B cells from healthy individuals and SLE patients were s

This paper reviews the on-going research trends of the ongoing researches conducted in various disciplines on Massive Open Online Course, or MOOC. The background overview on MOOC is organized descriptively and chronologically from the materials collected from the late 2000s to the current days. The paper then focuses on the usage of MOOC as an e-Learning open education platform in the context that it deals with the problems related to the digital divide. MOOC allows many users to participate wit

OBJECTIVE: To understand in detail the mechanisms of autoantibody production in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), we performed a comprehensive analysis of the normal human immunoglobulin light chain V(lambda) repertoire and compared it with the V(lambda) repertoire in SLE patients. METHODS: The SLE V(lambda) repertoire of B cells obtained from 3 SLE patients was analyzed and compared in detail with the V(lambda) repertoire of IgM+ B cells obtained from 3 human fetal spleens and I

Primary Sjogren's syndrome (pSS) is a chronic autoimmune disease with well-documented association of lymphoid malignancies during the progress of the disease. Although several types of malignancy and pseudomalignancy have been reported in pSS, low-grade non-Hodgkin's lymphomas are the most frequently observed. Reactive plasmacytosis mimicking myeloma is a very rare condition in association with pSS. We describe a 72-yr-old woman with pSS who presented with hypergammaglobulinemia, and extensive b

B cells play an essential role in humoral immunity by producing antigen-specific antibodies. However, B cells also participate in cellular immune responses by presenting antigens, providing costimulation, and producing cytokines to activate and expand effectors and memory T cell populations. Recent identification of antibody-independent functions of B cells has reawakened interest in the many roles of B cells in normal immune responses as well as in autoimmune diseases. B cells interact with oth

BACKGROUND: While multiple randomized controlled trials (RCTs) are available, their results may not be generalizable to older, unhealthier or less-adherent patients. Observational data can be used to predict outcomes and evaluate treatments; however, exactly which strategy should be used to analyze the outcomes of treatment using observational data is currently unclear. This study aimed to determine the most accurate machine learning technique to predict 1-year-after-initial-acute-myocardial-inf

Goal-setting is a valuable behavior change strategy. For patients with multiple sclerosis, a variety of factors such as symptoms (e.g., pain, fatigue), environmental factors (e.g., weather), and mood can all greatly influence a person's ability to meet daily goals. Based on this, these patients and others with chronic pain, would likely benefit from strategies that could aid them in developing their own personalized physical activity goals that can take into account these factors dynamically. Th

Objective Meniscus tissue is composed of highly aligned type I collagen embedded with cartilaginous matrix. This histological feature endows mechanical properties, such as tensile strength along the direction of the collagen alignment and endurance to compressive load induced by weight bearing. The main objective of this study was to compare the fibrocartilage construction capability of different cell sources in the presence of mechanical stimuli. Design Synovial multipotent stem cells (SvMSCs)