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Phase separation and gene control Many components of eukaryotic transcription machinery—such as transcription factors and cofactors including BRD4, subunits of the Mediator complex, and RNA polymerase II—contain intrinsically disordered low-complexity domains. Now a conceptual framework connecting the nature and behavior of their interactions to their functions in transcription regulation is emerging (see the Perspective by Plys and Kingston). Chong et al. found that low-complexity domains of tr

In the electron energy loss spectra for amorphous, atomic layer deposited (ALD) Al2O3 film, a peak at 6.4 eV was observed. First principle quantum chemical simulation shows that it relates to excitation of neutral oxygen vacancy in Al2O3. The 2.91 eV luminescence excited in a band near 6.0 eV in amorphous Al2O3 is similar to that in bulk crystals which is associated with neutral oxygen vacancy. Thus, the amorphous ALD Al2O3 film is oxygen deficient and the oxygen vacancy parameters are similar i

The electronic structures of Pd thin films grown epitaxially on a Re(0001) single-crystal surface are investigated with high-resolution photoelectron spectroscopy. A clear splitting of the Pd $3{d}_{5∕2}$ core level is observed as the coverage of Pd increases from submonolayer to multilayer. The peak at higher binding energy is assigned to emission from the Pd layer at the interface with the Re substrate, while the other is from ``bulk'' Pd. The observed valence-band spectrum of the pseudomorphi

Endogenous condensates with transient constituents are notoriously difficult to study with common biological assays like mass spectrometry and other proteomics profiling. Here, we report a method for light-induced targeting of endogenous condensates (LiTEC) in living cells. LiTEC combines the identification of molecular zip codes that target the endogenous condensates with optogenetics to enable controlled and reversible partitioning of an arbitrary cargo, such as enzymes commonly used in proteo

We describe glass nanocapillaries with single-stranded DNA molecules (ssDNA) covalently attached to the capillary surface. These DNA-functionalized nanocapillaries selectively facilitate the translocation of target ssDNA that is complementary to the probe ssDNA. In addition, the complementary target ssDNA exhibits an event duration time longer than that of the noncomplementary target ssDNA. The temperature dependence measurements of translocation events show that the longer duration time is a re

We found that the charge loss behavior of metal-alumina-nitride-oxide-silicon-type flash memory was highly dependent on the amount of injected charge (Qinj). Beyond the critical level of Qinj, the direction of the dominant charge loss changed from pointing toward SiO2 to pointing toward Al2O3. The highly injected charges could cause the band bending of Al2O3, which reduced the tunneling distance across Al2O3 with the low conduction band offset. These results were verified by experimental results

The origin of surface core-level shift (SCLS) of Pd thin films on Pt (111) substrate is investigated. At submonolayer coverage of Pd thin films, the splitting of Pd 3d core-level peaks indicate the contribution of both initial and final states of photoionization processes while no change on valence band (VB) spectra is found. When the coverage of Pd reaches to single monolayer, the final-state relaxation effect on the Pd 3d vanishes and only the initial-state effect, a negative SCLS, is present.

BACKGROUND: A novel antiviral agent, remdesivir (RDV), is a promising candidate treatment for coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) in the absence of any proven therapy. MATERIALS AND METHODS: This retrospective case series included 10 patients with a clinically and laboratory confirmed diagnosis of severe COVID-19 pneumonia who had received RDV for 5 days (n = 5) or 10 days (n = 5) in the Phase III clinical trial of RDV (GS-US-540-5773) conducted by Gilead Sciences. The clinical and laboratory da

This paper proposes a mathematical model of an electric arc furnace (EAF) system based on the voltage and current (V–I) field data. The proposed method is formulated using the ellipse equation, which is derived from the measurement profile of real EAF systems. This paper also presents the harmonics and power-pattern information corresponding to the smelting processes (boring, melting, and refining) in order to realistically design an EAF for potential industrial applications. The third harmonic

This article presents a control strategy for a modular multilevel converter (MMC) to prevent commutation failure of a line-commutated converter (LCC), forming a three-terminal hybrid HVDC transmission system, where one LCC sending end is connected to the large generation and two receiving ends (LCC inverter and MMC) are located near the load center. This configuration, one of the potential options, has been proposed to strengthen Korea electric power transmission system through the optimized use

This paper proposes an operation methodology for interfacing synchronous generator and energy storage system (ESS) by replacing conventional governor. This research introduces energy management scheme with droop control method for frequency regulation in coordination with synchronous generator. For frequency regulation, generator can take advantage of the ESS instead of the governor, with its relatively fast characteristics, leading to less frequent deviation of synchronous generator. For the ve