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Range of motion (ROM) measurements are essential for the evaluation for and diagnosis of adhesive capsulitis of the shoulder (AC). However, taking these measurements using a goniometer is inconvenient and sometimes unreliable. The Kinect (Microsoft, Seattle, WA, USA) is gaining attention as a new motion detecting device that is nonintrusive and easy to implement. This study aimed to apply Kinect to measure shoulder ROM in AC; we evaluated its validity by calculating the agreement of the measurem

The effect of intraarticular hydraulic distension (IHD) for a painful stiff shoulder (or adhesive capsulitis) has been affirmed, but whether rupturing the joint capsule during this process is beneficial remains controversial. By monitoring real-time pressure-volume (PV) profiles during IHD, we could infuse the largest possible volume without rupturing the capsule. Using the novel technique, we compared the short-term effects of IHD when the capsule was preserved versus when it was ruptured. Fift

Intraoperative monitoring (IOM) utilizes electrophysiological techniques as a surrogate test and evaluation of nervous function while a patient is under general anesthesia. They are increasingly used for procedures, both surgical and endovascular, to avoid injury during an operation, examine neurological tissue to guide the surgery, or to test electrophysiological function to allow for more complete resection or corrections. The application of IOM during pediatric brain tumor resections encompas

AIM: The aim of this study was to evaluate the efficacy and safety of a newly manufactured botulinum toxin, Neuronox, compared with BOTOX for the treatment of the spastic equinus gait in children with cerebral palsy. METHOD: A total of 127 children with cerebral palsy, aged 2 to 10 years, who presented at three university hospitals with spastic equinus gait were assessed for eligibility to participate in this double-blinded, randomized, controlled trial. Of the 119 eligible participants (mean ag

Intrathecal chemotherapy including methotrexate is well documented for neurotoxicity of diverse clinical manifestation. Acute or chronic leukoencephalopathy is the most common type of methotrexate-induced neurotoxicity, and subacute myelopathy is rare. Although its pathogenesis is not fully understood, it is postulated that direct damage of methotrexate to the central nervous system plays a major part and elevated levels of homocysteine and its excitatory amino acid neurotransmitter metabolites

OBJECTIVE The aim of this study was to establish optimal electric stimulation parameters for intraoperatively monitoring the bulbocavernosus reflexes (BCRs) in infants. METHODS The authors retrospectively reviewed the medical records of all infants (age < 24 months) who had undergone an untethering operation for tethered cord syndrome between May 2013 and February 2014 at a single institution and whose baseline BCR had been elicited during surgery. Using different combinations of stimulation par

Spinal dysraphism often causes neurological impairment from direct involvement of lesions or from cord tethering. The conus medullaris and lumbosacral roots are most vulnerable. Surgical intervention such as untethering surgery is indicated to minimize or prevent further neurological deficits. Because untethering surgery itself imposes risk of neural injury, intraoperative neurophysiological monitoring (IONM) is indicated to help surgeons to be guided during surgery and to improve functional out

This study aimed to compare the long-term effects of flexion- and extension-based lumbar exercises on chronic axial low back pain (LBP). This was a 1-year follow-up of a prospective, assessor-blind, randomized controlled trial. Patients with axial LBP (intensity ≥ 5/10) for > 6 months allocated to the flexion or extension exercise group. Patients underwent four sessions of a supervised treatment program and were required to perform their assigned exercises daily at home. Clinical outcomes were o

Neurogenic claudication is a typical manifestation of lumbar spinal stenosis (LSS). However, its pathophysiology is still unclear. The severity of clinical symptoms has been shown not to correlate with the degree of structural stenosis. Altered cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) flow has been suggested as one of the causative factors of LSS. The objectives of this study were to compare CSF dynamics at the lumbosacral level between patients with LSS and healthy controls and to investigate whether CSF dyna

Spinal stenosis is a common degenerative condition. However, how neurogenic claudication develops has not been clearly elucidated. Moreover, cerebrospinal fluid physiology at the lumbosacral level has not received adequate attention. This study was conducted to compare cerebrospinal fluid hydrodynamics at the lumbosacral spinal level between patients with spinal stenosis and healthy controls. Twelve subjects (four patients and eight healthy controls; 25-77 years old; seven males) underwent phase

Robot-assisted gait training has been investigated for restoring walking through activity-dependent neuroplasticity in persons with various neurologic disorders. This case report presents the outcome of robot-assisted gait training combined with physiotherapy in a 28-year-old man with pure hereditary spastic paraplegia. The patient participated in 25 training sessions over 6 weeks. Improvements were noted in his walking speed and balance after the training, but gait kinematics and kinetics showe