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We present conceptual designs of an emerging class of logic gates, including NOT, NOR, and NAND, that use traveling spin waves (SWs) in the gigahertz range and that are based on a Mach–Zehnder-type SW (MZSW) interferometer. In this MZSW interferometer, logical input and output signals are achievable by the application of currents in order to control the phases that are accumulated by propagating SWs and by either destructive or constructive SW interference, respectively. In this article, the ope

We report, for the first time, on a novel planar structure of magnonic-crystal waveguides, made of a single magnetic material, in which the allowed and forbidden bands of propagating dipole-exchange spin waves can be manipulated by the periodic modulation of different widths in thin-film nanostrips. The origin of the presence of several magnonic wide band gaps and the crucial parameters for controlling those band gaps of the order of approximately 10 GHz are found by micromagnetic numerical and

Abstract The inability to guide the nucleation locations of electrochemically deposited Li has long been considered the main factor limiting the utilization of high‐energy‐density Li‐metal batteries. In this study, an electrical conductivity gradient interfacial host comprising 1D high conductivity copper nanowires and nanocellulose insulating layers is used in stable Li‐metal anodes. The conductivity gradient system guides the nucleation sites of Li‐metal to be directed during electrochemical p

The universal criterion for ultrafast vortex-core switching between the up- and down-core bistates in soft magnetic nanodots is investigated by micromagnetic simulations along with vortex-core switching that occurs whenever the velocity of vortex-core motion reaches its critical velocity, upsilon cri = (1.66 +/- 0.18) gamma mean square root of Aex (e.g., upsilon cri = 330 +/- 37 m/s for Permalloy), with the exchange stiffness Aex and the gyromagnetic ratio gamma. On the basis of the universality

To verify the exact underlying mechanism of ultrafast vortex-core reversal as well as the vortex state stability, we conducted numerical calculations of the dynamic evolution of magnetic vortices in Permalloy cylindrical nanodots under an oscillating in-plane magnetic field over a wide range of the field frequency and amplitude. The calculated results reveal different kinds of the nontrivial dynamic responses of vortices to the driving external field, including the vortex-core reversal. In parti

The authors investigated the gyrotropic linear and nonlinear motions of a magnetic vortex in soft magnetic cylindrical nanodots under in-plane oscillating magnetic fields of different frequencies and amplitudes, by employing both micromagnetic simulations and the numerical solutions of Thiele’s equation of motion [Phys. Rev. Lett. 30, 230 (1973)]. Not only noncircular elliptical vortex-core orbital trajectories in the linear regime but also complex trajectories including stadiumlike shape in the

We report on micromagnetic simulation results of radiation of strong spin waves from the cores of magnetic vortices driven by their dynamics motion or the annihilation of a vortex-antivortex pair in a rectangular shaped magnetic thin film. Such strong spin-waves are distinguished from spin wave modes typically excited in patterned magnetic elements. The spin wave excitation with relatively low frequencies of 0–22 GHz are associated with the shape of an element, a magnetization configuration, and

We found, by micromagnetic numerical and analytical calculations, that the clockwise (CW) and counterclockwise (CCW) circular-rotational motions of a magnetic vortex core in a soft magnetic circular nanodot are the elementary eigenmodes existing in the gyrotropic motion with respect to the corresponding CW and CCW circular-rotational-field eigenbasis. The oppositely rotating eigenmodes show a giant asymmetric resonance behavior, i.e., for the up-core orientation the CCW eigenmode shows a strong

Abstract A Bloch point (BP) is a topological defect in a ferromagnet at which the local magnetization vanishes. With the difficulty of generating a stable BP in magnetic nanostructures, the intrinsic nature of a BP and its dynamic behaviour has not been verified experimentally. We report a realization of steady-state BPs embedded in deformed magnetic vortex cores in asymmetrically shaped Ni 80 Fe 20 nanodisks. Time-resolved nanoscale magnetic X-ray imaging combined with micromagnetic simulation

We found from analytical derivations and micromagnetic numerical simulations that there exist two distinct normal modes in apparently complex vortex gyrotropic motions in two dipolar-coupled magnetic nanodisks. The normal modes have characteristic higher and lower single angular eigenfrequencies with their own elliptical orbits elongated along the x (bonding axis) and y axes, respectively. The superposition of the two normal modes results in coupled vortex gyrations, which depend on the relative

By the use of resonant soft x-ray Kerr rotation measurements with its varying incident angle and energy, we observed various shifts of the exchange bias field of a 3.5-nm-thick Co layer in oppositely exchange-biased Ni81Fe19/Fe50Mn50/Co/Pd films. The results in conjunction with their model simulations clearly reveal that the measurements enable one to resolve varying magnetization with depth in the individual magnetic layers of such a multicomponent ultrathin layered structure on the atomic scal

Magnetization dynamics approaching an equilibrium vortex state from an initial nonequilibrium state under zero magnetic field has been studied in a circular-shaped Fe disk with a thickness of 5nm and a diameter of 1200nm using micromagnetic simulations. Upon starting from the initial random configuration of in-plane magnetizations, a great number of vortex (V)–antivortex (V¯) pairs are generated at a lot of nucleation sites where both types of V and V¯ are energetically favorable to form. The V

We report an additional reversal mechanism of magnetic vortex cores in nanodot elements driven by currents flowing perpendicular to the sample plane, occurring via dynamic transformations between two coupled edge solitons and bulk vortex solitons. This mechanism differs completely from the well-known switching process mediated by the creation and annihilation of vortex-antivortex pairs in terms of the associated topological solitons, energies, and spin-wave emissions. Strongly localized out-of-p