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To minimize surgical morbidity and neck scarring, minimally invasive thyroidectomy and robotic/endoscopic thyroidectomy via cervical, axillary, anterior chest, breast, postauricular or transoral approaches have been developed over the past 20 years. In this article, we review the evolution of robotic and endoscopic thyroid surgery and recent advances. Among remote access approaches, the gasless transaxillary approach, bilateral axillo-breast approach, postauricular facelift approach, and transor

BACKGROUND: The efficacy of robotic thyroidectomy for thyroid cancer has not yet been assessed. The aim of this study was to evaluate the technical feasibility and completeness of robotic thyroidectomy for papillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC). METHODS: We analyzed 75 patients with PTC who underwent robotic thyroidectomy from October 2008 to August 2010 using a gasless unilateral axillo-breast or axillary approach with a da Vinci S Surgical System Robot and compared them with 226 patients who receiv

Angiogenesis is a fundamental process in tumor growth and metastasis, and its significance and that of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) expression as prognostic indicators have been documented for various types of human tumors. However, the mechanisms responsible for angiogenesis in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma are not well defined. To examine the relationship between angiogenesis and the phenotypic progressions of head and neck tumorigenesis, we used immunohistochemistry to an

BACKGROUND: The relationship between the number of parathyroid glands preserved and hypoparathyroidism is not well understood. We sought to determine the number of parathyroid glands that need to be preserved to prevent hypoparathyroidism. METHODS: We analyzed 454 patients who underwent total thyroidectomy for papillary thyroid carcinoma. We analyzed the frequency of hypoparathyroidism according to the number of parathyroid glands preserved. RESULTS: Incidental parathyroidectomy occurred in 19.8

OBJECTIVES: To evaluate the usefulness of acoustic parameters as an indicator of laryngopharyngeal reflux (LPR) treatment efficacy. STUDY DESIGN: A prospective case series analysis. MATERIALS AND METHODS: From January to September 2005, we prospectively analyzed 40 patients who were diagnosed with laryngopharyngeal reflux by 24-hour ambulatory double-probe pH monitoring. Laryngopharyngeal reflux patients were treated medically and voice analysis was conducted three times: before treatment, 1 to

OBJECTIVE: To determine the significance of laryngopharyngeal reflux (LPR) in benign vocal mucosal lesions. STUDY DESIGN AND SETTING: A case-control study at the tertiary referral medical center. SUBJECTS AND METHODS: From April 2003 to December 2006, we studied 110 patients with benign vocal mucosal lesions who had undergone 24-hour ambulatory double pH monitoring. The control group included 200 patients who had undergone ambulatory 24-hour double-probe pH monitoring due to laryngopharyngeal re

OBJECTIVES: Although many bacteriology studies on tonsillar diseases have been completed, all have been confined to children and were characterized by a paucity of cases. The purpose of this study was to analyze the underlying bacterial pathogens in tonsillar disease. METHODS: A retrospective study was performed on 824 patients who underwent elective tonsillectomy with or without adenoidectomy. We analyzed the differences between the bacterial pathogens in recurrent tonsillitis and tonsillar hyp

Abstract Background Carbon dioxide (CO 2 ) embolism is a serious, although rare, complication of remote access thyroidectomy using CO 2 insufflation. Recently, we encountered a case of CO 2 embolism during transoral thyroidectomy, and present it here with a review of the literature. Methods and Results A 59‐year‐old female patient with papillary thyroid carcinoma underwent transoral robotic thyroidectomy with CO 2 insufflation. During skin flap elevation, the anterior jugular vein was lacerated.

OBJECTIVES: Robotic thyroidectomy using remote access approaches has gained popularity with patients seeking to avoid neck scarring and enhanced cosmetic satisfaction. The aim of this study was to compare the efficacy and advantages of a postauricular facelift approach vs a gasless unilateral axillary (GUA) approach in robotic thyroidectomy. STUDY DESIGN: Case series with chart review. SETTING: University tertiary care hospital. SUBJECTS AND METHODS: We retrospectively analyzed the data of 65 pa

Abstract Background The aim of this study was to evaluate the safety and efficacy of transoral robotic and endoscopic thyroidectomy. Methods We analyzed and compared the first 100 cases of transoral robotic (71 cases) and endoscopic (29 cases) thyroidectomy with 207 cases of conventional transcervical thyroidectomy. Results Transoral thyroidectomy was completed successfully in all patients, except for three who were converted to the robotic facelift or transcervical approach. The mean operative

The efficacy of various endoscopic thyroidectomy has not been determined for papillary thyroid microcarcinoma (PTMC). We compared 31 consecutive patients with PTMC who underwent endoscopic thyroidectomy by a gasless unilateral axillo-breast or axillary approach, and the 36 PTMC patients who underwent conventional open thyroid lobectomy from August 2005 to December 2008. There were more female patients (P=0.004) in the endoscopic group, and the mean age of endoscopic group was younger than that o