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The current study sought to investigate the effects of matching body movement and body size between an avatar and a participant on the body ownership illusion (BOI), the body size illusion, the sense of presence, simulator sickness, and emotional responses within an immersive virtual reality (IVR). Forty participants experienced their life-sized virtual avatars from a first-person perspective using a full-body motion-capture system. The experiment used a 2 (Motion: Synchrony and Asynchrony) × 2

BACKGROUND: The sense of embodiment (SoE) is the feeling of one's own body, and research on the SoE extends from the rubber hand illusion to the full-body ownership illusion with a virtual avatar. OBJECTIVE: The key to utilizing a virtual avatar is understanding and controlling the SoE, and it can be extended to several medical applications. In this study, we aimed to clarify these aspects by considering the following three subcomponents of SoE: sense of agency, ownership, and self-location. MET

Recent advances in technology have allowed users to experience an illusory feeling of full body ownership of a virtual avatar. Such virtual embodiment has the power to elicit perceptual, behavioral or cognitive changes related to oneself, however, its emotional effects have not yet been rigorously examined. To address this issue, we investigated emotional changes as a function of the level of the illusion (Study 1) and whether changes in the facial expression of a virtual avatar can modulate the

BACKGROUND: Embodiment through a virtual avatar is a key element for people to feel that they are in the virtual world. OBJECTIVE: This study aimed to elucidate the interaction between 2 methods of eliciting embodiment through a virtual avatar: motion synchronization and appearance similarity between a human and avatar, to understand embodiment (agency, body ownership, and self-location) and subjective experience (presence, simulator sickness, and emotion) in virtual reality. METHODS: Using a fu

Abstract Foveated rendering (FR) technology is designed to improve the efficiency of graphical rendering processes. In rendering, individualized approaches can help to balance users’ experiences of visual quality and saving computational resource. However, previous studies have not rigorously examined it related with the FR techniques. To address this issue, we developed an individualized FR (IFR) method using different central vision sizes and peripheral vision resolutions across individuals in

Measuring body image is crucial at both personal and social levels. Previous studies have attempted to quantitatively measure body image but methods for measuring body change recognition over time have not yet been established. The present study proposes a novel human-computer interaction technique using dynamic morphing and body ownership illusion, and we conducted a user study to investigate how body ownership illusion and gender would affect to body change recognition. The results showed that

In the field of emotion recognition, traditional methods often rely on motion capture technologies to recognize human emotions by analyzing body motion. However, these methods are privacy-intrusive and impractical for everyday use. To address the requirements of privacy and practicality, this paper develops a novel personalized Automatic Emotion Recognition (AER) system utilizing inertial measurement units (IMUs) embedded in common wearable devices. Our approach emphasizes personalization to ada

Recent studies have demonstrated that brain synchrony can indicate the quality of social interaction in real-world communication. However, there is a lack of research on measurement of brain synchrony during social interactions in remote AR. In this study, we investigated the brain synchrony of remote augmented reality (AR; Study 1) and face-to-face (FTF; Study 2) interactions. Functional near-infrared spectroscopy was used to measure the brain synchrony during the tangram puzzle task. In a coll

As one of autonomous vehicles, conditional autonomous vehicles is expected to become popular in the near future. Conditional autonomous vehicles can send a take-over request (TOR) to a driver, and if they are immersed in non-driving-related tasks (NDRT), they will struggle to accommodate this request. Previous studies have shown that providing augmented reality (AR) information on traffic situations (status cues) or driver actions (command cues) can improve TOR performance. However, we are not a

Previous education studies suggested that “warming up” activities featuring interpersonal synchrony components help improve educational quality and social closeness between teachers and students. While educators are eager to incorporate augmented reality (AR) into remote educational settings, prior research has not investigated the beneficial impacts of interpersonal synchrony on remote AR education. This study investigates the effects of prior physical synchrony (PS) on learning outcomes, inter

Emotion detection using features presented in the body has been comparatively understudied compared to other emotional modalities. This study investigated and compared how emotions are revealed through bodily sensations and body movement information. We propose a novel visualization method for addressing body part activation or deactivation associated with different emotions using motion capture data (bodily motion maps; BMMs) and aim to compare its emotional features with existing methods of ad

Emotion recognition through body movement in both real and virtual worlds is an important research topic along with facial expression and voice recognition. Computational methods to recognize emotions based on body movement have been developed to utilize skeletal data and motion capture systems, and 2D and 3D pose estimation methods have recently been proposed. Although each of these methodologies involves advantages and disadvantages, they have not been compared with same data. In this study, w

Interpersonal synchrony plays a crucial role in education. This study investigated inter-brain synchrony (IBS) during remote education and its effects on learning outcomes, rapport, and behavioral synchrony. Twenty-eight participants conducted a vocabulary learning task with a remote teacher under two conditions: voice and webcam conditions. The results showed that participants formed a higher IBS with the remote teacher in the webcam condition. We also observed that the brain regions of frontop

Large language models (LLMs) have evolved into LLM agents that can use the user conversation context and respond according to the roles of the LLM agents. Recent studies have suggested that LLM-based agents can be used as human-like partners in social interactions. However, the role of the environmental context, particularly spatial information of user space, in the interaction between humans and LLM agents has not been explored. In this study, participants engaged in counselling conversations u