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OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this study was to document particulate size in commonly used corticosteroid preparations. Inadvertent injection of particulate corticosteroids into a vertebral or foraminal artery can cause brain and spinal cord embolic infarcts and the size of the particles could be directly related to the chance that a clinically significant infarct would occur. One might assume that corticosteroids with particles significantly smaller than red blood cells might be safer. DESIGN: The

Glucagon-like peptide-1-(7-36) (GLP-1) is a hormone derived from the proglucagon molecule, which is considered a highly desirable antidiabetic agent mainly due to its unique glucose-dependent stimulation of insulin secretion profiles. However, the development of a GLP-1-based pharmaceutical agent has a severe limitation due to its very short half-life in plasma, being primarily degraded by dipeptidyl peptidase IV (DPP-IV) enzyme. To overcome this limitation, in this article we propose a novel an

Various TiO 2 -coated ZnO samples were prepared by the sol−gel method for use as the anode active materials of Ni−Zn secondary batteries. At a low annealing temperature, the added titanium does not react with the host material, ZnO, but forms an independent TiO 2 domain as a coating layer. High-temperature annealing, however, results in the reaction of TiO 2 with ZnO, forming ZnTiO 3 and Zn 2 TiO 4 . Whereas TiO 2 -coated ZnO suppresses the dissolution of Zn by forming a passive surface layer, t

BACKGROUND: For lack of a criterion standard for lumbar discogenic pain, the validity of lumbar discography cannot be determined directly. The false-positive rate of discography, however, can be inferred from the prevalence of positive responses in asymptomatic volunteers. Responses in normal volunteers have been reported in only three studies, and the prevalence of positive responses has been "occasionally, zero, and 10%." None of these studies, however, controlled for both pressure of injectio

Reactive oxygen and nitrogen are produced by rheumatoid arthritis (RA) synovial tissue and can potentially induce mutations in key genes. Normally, this process is prevented by a DNA mismatch repair (MMR) system that maintains sequence fidelity during DNA replication. Key members of the MMR system include MutSalpha (hMSH2 and hMSH6) and MutSbeta (hMSH2 and hMSH3). To provide evidence of DNA damage in inflamed synovium, we analyzed synovial tissues for microsatellite instability (MSI). MSI was ex

In this paper, a face and hand gesture recognition system which can be applied to a smart TV interaction system is proposed. Human face and natural hand gesture are the key component to interact with smart TV system. The face recognition system is used in viewer authentication and the hand gesture recognition in control of smart TV, for example, volume up/down, channel changing. Personalized service such as favorite channels recommendation or parental guidance can be provided using face recognit

Assisted SUE using new training device can be an effective therapeutic exercise to strengthen dynamic abdominal muscles and improve core muscle activation pattern in NSLBP patients.

Intradiscal electrothermal annuloplasty (IDET) is an effective treatment for chronic discogenic low back pain (LBP). However, efficacy of IDET for the treatment of referred leg pain has not been examined. This study was performed to assess the long-term efficacy of IDET for the treatment of referred leg pain in chronic discogenic LBP patients. Data were retrospectively analyzed as an IDET case series from January 1999 to December 2000. The IDET procedure was performed at 1-3 symptomatic levels c

INTRODUCTION: There is a renewed interest in analgesic testing, influenced by several studies reporting robust surgical results when the diagnosis of discogenic pain is confirmed by relief of pain post-provocative discography after injecting local anesthetic into painful discs. OBJECTIVE: We anticipated and sought to confirm that injecting local anesthetic in intervertebral discs would provide convincing pain relief and that the degree of pain relief would help confirm or refute the findings of