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The two major proteins of secretory granules of secretory cells, chromogranins A (CGA) and B (CGB), have previously been proposed to play key roles in secretory granule biogenesis. Recently, CGA was reported to play an on/off switch role for secretory granule biogenesis. In the present study we found CGB being more effective than CGA in inducing secretory granule formation in non-neuroendocrine NIH3T3 and COS-7 cells. The mean number of dense core granules formed/cell of CGA-transfected NIH3T3 c

Chromogranin A, the most abundant protein in bovine adrenal chromaffin granules, bound calmodulin in a Ca2(+)-dependent manner, and the calmodulin-binding property was utilized to purify chromogranin A. Chromogranin A has been described in the past as a "random-coil polypeptide" with little alpha-helix or beta-sheet conformation. However, circular dichroism measurements with pure, native chromogranin A revealed relatively high alpha-helical contents (40% at the intravesicular pH of 5.5). Fluores

The effect of inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate (Ins(1,4,5)P3) and calcium ionophore A23187 on Ca2+ release from bovine adrenal medullary secretory vesicles and microsomes was examined. Ins(1,4,5)P3 released 3.5 nmol of Ca2+/mg protein from secretory vesicles and 1.5 nmol of Ca2+/mg protein from microsomes as measured by a Ca2(+)-selective electrode. However, A23187 promoted Ca2+ uptake into vesicles while releasing Ca2+ from microsomes. Ins(1,4,5)P3-induced Ca2+ release from secretory vesicles was r

Chromogranins A and B (CGA and CGB), the major proteins of the secretory vesicles of the regulated secretory pathway, have been shown to aggregate in a low pH and high calcium environment, the condition found in the trans-Golgi network where secretory vesicles are formed. Moreover, CGA and CGB, as well as several other secretory vesicle matrix proteins, have recently been shown to bind to the vesicle membrane at the intravesicular pH of 5.5 and to be released from it at a near physiological pH o

Chromogranin A is a high capacity, low affinity Ca(2+)-binding protein suggested to be responsible for the Ca2+ storage function of the secretory vesicle, which has been identified as a major inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate (IP3)-sensitive intracellular Ca2+ store of adrenal medullary chromaffin cells. Moreover, chromogranin A has recently been shown to interact with the vesicle membrane at the intravesicular pH of 5.5 and to be released from it at a near physiological pH of 7.5 (Yoo, S. H. (1993)

Chromogranins A and B (CGA and CGB) are high capacity, low affinity calcium (Ca2+) storage proteins found in many cell types most often associated with secretory granules of secretory cells but also with the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) lumen of these cells. Both CGA and CGB associate with inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate receptor (InsP3R) in a pH-dependent manner. At an intraluminal pH of 5.5, as found in secretory vesicles, both CGA and CGB bind to the InsP3R. When the intraluminal pH is 7.5, as fou

The two major proteins of the secretory vesicles of neuroendocrine cells, chromogranin A (CGA) and chromogranin B (CGB), have been shown to undergo pH- and Ca2+-dependent conformational changes and aggregation and have been suggested to play essential roles during secretory vesicle biogenesis in the trans-Golgi network. CGA has been shown to exist primarily in a tetrameric state at pH 5.5 and primarily in a dimeric state at pH 7.5, and CGB has been shown to exist in a monomeric state at both pH

Chromogranin A is a high capacity, low affinity Ca2+ binding protein which undergoes Ca2+- and pH-dependent conformational changes, and has recently been suggested to play a Ca2+-buffering role in the secretory vesicle of adrenal medullary chromaffin cell, the major inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate-sensitive intracellular Ca2+ store of chromaffin cell (Yoo, S.H., and Albanesi, J.P. (1990) J. Biol. Chem. 265, 13446-13448). In the present study, it is shown that chromogranin A exists in a monomer-dime

Chromogranins A and B have been known to undergo pH- and Ca(2+)-dependent aggregation, and this property is considered essential for the proper sorting of the vesicular matrix proteins. In the present study, purified native chromogranin B (CGB) from bovine adrenal medulla was used to study the pH- and Ca(2+)-dependent conformational changes and aggregation property. Similar to chromogranin A (CGA), which had been shown to undergo pH- and Ca(2+)-dependent conformational changes and to be composed

The secretory granules of neuroendocrine cells which contain large amounts of Ca(2+) and chromogranins have been demonstrated to release Ca(2+) in response to inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate (IP(3)). Moreover, chromogranin A (CGA) has been shown to interact with several secretory granule membrane proteins, including the IP(3) receptor (IP(3)R). To determine whether the IP(3)Rs interact directly with chromogranins A and B (CGB), two major proteins of the secretory granules, we have used purified IP(

Although the role of secretory granules as the inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate (IP(3))-sensitive intracellular Ca(2+) store and the presence of the IP(3) receptor (IP(3)R)/Ca(2+) channel on the secretory granule membrane have been established, the identity of the IP(3)R types present in the secretory granules is not known. We have therefore investigated the presence of different types of IP(3)R in the secretory granules of bovine adrenal medullary chromaffin cells using immunogold electron microsco

Given that the secretory granule marker proteins chromogranins and secretogranin II are high-capacity, low-affinity Ca2+ storage proteins and chromogranins interact with the IP3Rs to activate the IP3R/Ca2+ channels, i.e., increase both the mean open time and the open probability of the channels, these results imply that secretory granules of astrocytes function as the IP3-sensitive intracellular Ca2+ store.

Of all the intracellular organelles, secretory granules contain by far the highest calcium concentration; secretory granules of typical neuroendocrine chromaffin cells contain approximately 40 mM Ca(2+) and occupy approximately 20% cell volume, accounting for >60% of total cellular calcium. They also contain the majority of cellular inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate receptors (IP(3)Rs) in addition to the presence of >2 mM of chromogranins A and B that function as high-capacity, low-affinity Ca(2+) st