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Two methods have been developed for analyzing MOS transients. One method is analytical and uses the quasi-static approximation. It is useful when the stray capacitance dominates MOS transient performance. The second method is numericaf and uses a new boundary value method which can be applied over a wide range of operating speeds. This method includes secondary effects and nonuniform doping. The validity and Iimits for both methods are verified by comparison with measurements. Transit-time delay

Two methods have been developed for analyzing MOS transients. One method is analytical and uses the quasi-static approximation. It is useful when the stray capacitance dominates MOS transient performance. The second method is numerical and uses a new boundary value method which can be applied over a wide range of operating speeds. This method includes secondary effects and nonuniform doping, The validity and limits for both methods are verified by comparison with measurements. Transit-time delay

We investigated the vitamin D status of Korean women during pregnancy and assessed the effects of vitamin D deficiency on two pregnancy outcomes; preterm births and the births of small for gestational age. We measured the serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D levels in 220 pregnant Korean women who were recruited prospectively and compared these levels with those of 500 healthy non-pregnant women. We analyzed vitamin D status according to patient demographics, season, and obstetrical characteristics; moreov

This prospective study sought to investigate serum levels of trace elements (cobalt, copper, zinc, and selenium) and to assess their effects on pregnancy and neonatal outcomes. Serum levels of trace elements in 245 Korean pregnant women (median gestational age at delivery was 39 + 4 weeks and interquartile range was 38 + 4–40 + 1 weeks) were compared with those of 527 general adults and those of previous studies in other ethnic groups. Pregnancy and neonatal outcomes including gestational diabet

AIMS: To test if there is a stepwise difference in neonatal outcomes according to the stage (or grade) of histological inflammatory response in the chorioamniotic membranes and umbilical cords of preterm premature rupture of membranes (PPROM). METHOD: This retrospective study included singleton pregnancies diagnosed as PPROM and delivered prior to 34 weeks of gestation (n=339). Acute histological chorioamnionitis and funisitis were subdivided into stages (or grade) as defined by Redline et al. N

Autophagy is an evolutionarily conserved catalytic process by which cytoplasmic components including damaged macromolecules and organelles are degraded. The role of autophagy includes adaptive responses to nutrition deprivation or intracellular stimuli. Although autophagosomes were first observed in early 1960s, it was 1990s that autophagy-related genes in yeast were identified and studied. Nowadays, the molecular machinery of autophagy and signaling pathway to various stimuli are almost outline

Preeclampsia is one of the most serious complications of pregnancy, affecting 5-10% of parturients worldwide. Recent studies have suggested that autophagy is involved in trophoblast invasion and may be associated with defective placentation underlying preeclampsia. We thus aimed to understand the mechanistic link between autophagy and trophoblast invasion. Using the two most commonly used trophoblast cell lines, JEG-3 and HTR-8/SVneo, we inhibited autophagy by ATG5 and beclin-1 shRNA. Conversion

AIM: To determine the pregnancy termination rate, and perinatal and 1-year infant mortality rates following prenatally-detected congenital heart disease (CHD) and trends over an 11-year period. METHODS: Between 1994 and 2005, 1603 gravidas underwent fetal echocardiography in our institution, in which 378 fetuses were diagnosed with CHD. The study period was divided into the following three groups for time-trend analysis: 1994-1997, 1998-2001, and 2002-2005. Data regarding gestational age at diag

<b>Purpose of review:</b> The criteria for the diagnosis of intra-amniotic infection (IAI) were derived from a study of women at term in labor but is currently used as the main diagnostic tool for clinical chorioamnionitis. Regarding the inconsistent usage of the term, the diagnostic utility of clinical chorioamnionitis needs to be revisited. In this review, we addressed the critical issues on why the diagnostic criteria of suspected clinical chorioamnionitis should be changed.<b>Recent findings

As the gate insulator thickness approaches the channel thickness, the gate capacitance is speculated to be smaller than its gate insulator capacitance. The gate capacitance of the thin-gate IGFET is calculated using Maxwell-Boltzmann and Fermi-Dirac statistics and is experimentally measured. The results show that the gate capacitance approaches the gate insulator capacitance regardless of the gate thickness within the practical range ( <tex xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xl

(1) Fetal plasma cortisol remained unchanged until 36 weeks of gestation and increased thereafter to term; (2) active labor was associated with a significant increase in fetal plasma cortisol; (3) fetal plasma DHEAS increased at term gestation (>36 weeks) but did not increase during active labor; (4) the cortisol/DHEAS ratio (stress index) increased with advancing gestation and with active labor at term. CONCLUSIONS. Human parturition at term is associated with an increase in fetal plasma cortis

Looks at the materials and thermal alternatives for scaled, next-century VLSI/ULSI interconnects. It is shown that ad hoc executions of programs to calculate interconnect parameters for VLSI/ULSI design and analysis are too time-consuming to be practical. The tool used in this study to model a hypothetical interconnect system was Hewlett Packard's HTVE (HP Interconnect Value Extractor).< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>

Patent citation recommendation and prior patent search, critical for patent filing and patent examination, have become increasingly difficult due to the rapidly growing number of patents. Unlike paper citations that focus on reference comprehensiveness, patent citations tend to be more parsimonious and refer only to those prior patents bearing significant technological and/or economic value, as they define the scope of the citing patent and thus have significant legal and economic implications.