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PURPOSE: Vascular endothelial cell growth factor (VEGF) is strongly induced by oxidative stress in retinal pigment epithelial (RPE) cells, and VEGF-A is a survival factor for various cell types. This study was conducted to determine whether the autocrine VEGF signaling pathway in RPE cells is involved in the mechanism of adaptive response to oxidative stress. METHODS: ARPE-19 cells were treated with hydrogen peroxide, and cell death was measured by flow cytometry with annexin V-fluorescein isoth

Abstract Electronic retinal prostheses for stimulating retinal neurons are promising for vision restoration. However, the rigid electrodes of conventional retinal implants can inflict damage on the soft retina tissue. They also have limited selectivity due to their poor proximity to target cells in the degenerative retina. Here we present a soft artificial retina (thickness, 10 μm) where flexible ultrathin photosensitive transistors are integrated with three-dimensional stimulation electrodes of

OBJECTIVE: To report the initial experiences with the 25-gauge transconjunctival sutureless vitrectomy (TSV) system, including intraoperative and postoperative problems. METHODS: We retrospectively reviewed the medical records and surgical videotapes of 50 consecutive patients who underwent vitrectomy performed by one surgeon using the TSV system. RESULTS: Intraoperatively, we encountered such problems as difficulty in inserting the microcannula, which led to deformity, instability of the microc

A prominent middle limiting membrane sign is a useful indicator of acute ischemic retinal damage, especially in cases showing subtle or resolved retinal opacities before the onset of atrophic changes.

Based on the concept of the fluid conductivity barrier, we revealed a correlation between the intraretinal location of the leakage source and where the fluid accumulated within the retinal layers.

PURPOSE: To evaluate and compare the effect of silicone oil and gas on the thickness of all retinal layers in eyes with macula-on retinal detachment (RD). METHODS: Three hundred and sixty-seven eyes of 367 patients who received silicone oil tamponade and 310 eyes of 310 patients who received gas tamponade for the treatment of rhegmatogenous RD were initially reviewed. Automated retinal segmentation method using Spectralis optical coherence tomography was used for analysis. The primary outcome me

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE: To investigate the factors related to postoperative hypotony after 25-gauge sutureless vitrectomy. PATIENTS AND METHODS: Of 109 consecutive eyes undergoing sutureless vitrectomy, 95 fluid-filled eyes were randomly assigned to three groups according to the order of infusion cannula removal. In group 1 (30 eyes), the infusion was removed first. In group 2 (32 eyes), the infusion was removed after another cannula. In group 3 (33 eyes), the infusion was removed last. Intrao

Central retinal vein occlusion showing p-MLM on optical coherence tomography had worse visual outcome with higher incidence of being classified into ischemic type CRVO.