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Diazepam is metabolized by CYP2C19 and CYP3A4 in the liver. CYP2C19 shows genetic polymorphism associated with the poor metabolizer (PM) and extensive metabolizer (EM) phenotypes. The aim of this study was to assess the effect of diltiazem, a CYP3A4 inhibitor, on pharmacokinetics and dynamics of diazepam in relation to CYP2C19 genotype status. Thirteen healthy volunteers (eight EMs and five PMs) were given placebo or diltiazem (200 mg) orally for 3 days before and for 7 days after the oral 2-mg

Abstract Intestinal fibrosis induced by chronic and recurrent colitis, which is exacerbated by bowel stenosis, stricture, and obstruction, is challenging to treat. Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) stimulates innate and acquired immunity in response to specific microbial components, but the role of TLR4 in intestinal fibrosis is largely unknown. We investigated its role in intestinal fibrosis using not only a murine fibrosis model but also human myofibroblasts and intestinal epithelial cells. Colon fi

Background: Treatments for inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD) have evolved in the era of biologics. However, the real-world data on their usage patterns and sequencing are still limited. Objectives: We aimed to investigate treatment persistence and dose intensification of first- and second-line biologics in patients with IBD. Design: In this retrospective, cohort study using nationwide claims data, 13,087 patients with IBD initiating biologic therapy between 2010 and 2020 were identified. Methods

Coadministration of fimasartan with digoxin does not result in clinically significant changes of digoxin pharmacokinetics at steady-state in healthy subjects.

INTRODUCTION: Rosacea and inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) are chronic inflammatory disorders of the skin and the gut, which are interfaces between the environment and the human body. Although growing evidence has implicated a possible link between rosacea and IBD, it remains unclear whether IBD increases the risk of rosacea and vice versa. Therefore, we investigated the association between rosacea and IBD in this study. METHODS: We performed a systematic review and meta-analysis according to th

BACKGROUND/AIMS: Infectious complications are major concerns when treating patients with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). This study evaluated clinical differences across countries/regions in the management of infectious diseases in patients with IBD. METHODS: A multinational online questionnaire survey was administered to participants at the 8th meeting of the Asian Organization for Crohn's and Colitis. The questionnaire included questions regarding surveillance, diagnosis, management, and pre

: Endoscopic activity in UC suggests inflammation and tissue remodeling of uninflamed regions similar to inflamed regions (ClinicalTrials.gov, NCT05653011).

Small molecules, including Janus kinase (JAK) inhibitors and sphingosine-1-phosphate receptor modulators (S1PRMs), are promising new treatments for inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). Small molecules exhibit more predictable pharmacokinetics than biologics, are less likely to induce immune responses, and can be administered orally. JAK inhibitors function by blocking the activity of JAK enzymes, which prevents the subsequent phosphorylation and activation of signal transducer and activator of tran

BACKGROUND: Recent case reports have suggested that anti-tumor necrosis factor (TNF) agents are associated with an increased risk of developing psoriasis in patients with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). AIMS: This meta-analysis of published studies aimed to evaluate the association between anti-TNF treatment and psoriasis in patients with IBD. METHODS: An electronic search for original articles published before April 7, 2022, was performed using PubMed, EMBASE, and the Cochrane Library. Indepe

Despite the importance of Helicobacter pylori infection and portal hypertension (PH)-associated gastrointestinal (GI) diseases, such as esophageal varices and portal hypertensive gastropathy (PHG), the impact of H. pylori infection on PH-related GI complications has not yet been elucidated. This meta-analysis investigated the association between H. pylori infection and the risk of PH-related GI complications. An electronic search for original articles published before May 2020 was performed usin

Ex-smokers who started smoking at a young age have a high risk of UC, even after adjusting for the smoking amount.

BACKGROUND/AIMS: Patients with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) are diagnosed with ankylosing spondylitis (AS) often. However, the disease course of patients with both IBD and AS is not well understood. This study aims to evaluate the effect of concomitant AS on IBD outcomes. METHODS: Among the 4,722 patients with IBD who were treated in 3 academic hospitals from 2004 to 2021, 55 were also diagnosed with AS (IBD-AS group). Based on patients' electronic medical records, the outcomes of IBD in IBD

BACKGROUND: The fecal immunochemical test (FIT) is widely used in screening for colorectal cancer (CRC), but FIT results can be positive for diseases other than CRC. OBJECTIVE: We investigated the association between positive results of FIT and the incidence of dementia using a nationwide database. METHODS: FIT-positive participants were collected from a database provided by the Korean National Health Insurance Service. RESULTS: The incidence of all kinds of dementia was higher in FIT-positive t

BACKGROUND: Growing interest exists in deep remission, beyond clinical and endoscopic remission, to enhance long-term prognosis in patients with ulcerative colitis (UC). Our study aimed to evaluate the risk of relapse according to tissue expression levels of calprotectin and neutrophil elastase (NE) in patients with quiescent UC. METHODS: Rectal biopsies were performed on 218 patients with UC in clinical and endoscopic remission. Histological activity was prospectively scored using the Robarts H

Anti-tumor necrosis factor (anti-TNF) is an effective biological agent for the treatment of moderate-to-severe active ulcerative colitis (UC) refractory to conventional therapy. On the other hand, anti-TNF therapy is strongly associated with a potential risk of tuberculosis (TB). Active TB is a critical complication that makes it difficult to treat patients who require anti-TNF for the treatment of UC refractory to conventional therapy. Based on the clinical guidelines, patients with inflammator