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). Hence, GAS6-AXL signaling-mediated autophagy induction in murine macrophages ameliorates hepatic inflammatory responses by inhibiting NLRP3 inflammasome activation.

Pathogen expulsion from the gut is an important defense strategy against infection, but little is known about how interaction between the intestinal microbiome and host immunity modulates defecation. In Drosophila melanogaster, dual oxidase (Duox) kills pathogenic microbes by generating the microbicidal reactive oxygen species (ROS), hypochlorous acid (HOCl) in response to bacterially excreted uracil. The physiological function of enzymatically generated HOCl in the gut is, however, unknown asid

Small non-coding RNAs regulate gene expression in a sequence-specific manner. In Drosophila, Dicer-2 (Dcr-2) functions in the biogenesis of endogenous small interfering RNAs (endo-siRNAs). We identified 21 distinct proteins that exhibited a ≥ 1.5-fold change as a consequence of loss of dcr-2 function. Most of these were metabolic genes implicated in stress resistance and aging. dcr-2 Mutants had reduced lifespan and were hypersensitive to oxidative, endoplasmic reticulum, starvation, and cold st

MicroRNAs are a class of small non-coding RNA molecules that repress gene expression primarily at the post-transcriptional level. Genetic variations in microRNA genes may contribute to phenotypic differences by altering the expression of microRNAs and their targets. Here, we identified 12 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in the genomic region of the porcine MIR206 / MIR133B cluster, 10 and 2 of which were associated with MIR206 and MIR133B respectively. All 12 SNPs were located within prim

The steroid hormone ecdysone has a central role in the developmental transitions of insects through its control of responsive protein-coding and microRNA (miRNA) gene expression. However, the complete regulatory network controlling the expression of these genes remains to be elucidated. In this study, we performed cross-linking immunoprecipitation coupled with deep sequencing of endogenous Argonaute 1 (Ago1) protein, the core effector of the miRNA pathway, in Drosophila S2 cells. We found that r

The glutaryl-7-aminocephalosporanic acid (GL-7-ACA) acylase of Pseudomonas sp. strain GK16 is an (alphabeta)2 heterotetramer of two nonidentical subunits. These subunits are derived from nascent polypeptides that are cleaved proteolytically between Gly198 and Ser199 after the nascent polypeptides have been translocated into the periplasm. The activation mechanism of the GL-7-ACA acylase has been analyzed by both in vivo and in vitro expression studies, site-directed mutagenesis, in vitro renatur

Porcine circovirus type 2 (PCV2) is the primary causative agent of postweaning multisystemic wasting syndrome, which leads to serious economic losses in the pig industry worldwide. While the molecular basis of PCV2 replication and pathogenicity remains elusive, it is increasingly apparent that the microRNA (miRNA) pathway plays a key role in controlling virus-host interactions, in addition to a wide range of cellular processes. Here, we employed Solexa deep sequencing technology to determine whi

Abstract The steroid hormone ecdysone is the central regulator of insect metamorphosis, during which a growing, immature larva is remodeled, through pupal stages, to a reproductive adult. However, the underlying mechanisms of ecdysone‐mediated metamorphosis remain to be fully elucidated. Here, we identified metamorphosis‐associated microRNAs (miRNAs) and their potential targets by cross‐linking immunoprecipitation coupled with deep sequencing of endogenous Argonaute 1 protein in Drosophila . Int

Glutaryl 7-aminocephalosporanic acid (GL-7-ACA) acylase of Pseudomonas sp. strain GK16 catalyzes the cleavage of the amide bond in the GL-7-ACA side chain to produce glutaric acid and 7-aminocephalosporanic acid (7-ACA). The active enzyme is an (αβ)2 heterotetramer of two non-identical subunits that are cleaved autoproteolytically from an enzymatically inactive precursor polypeptide. In this study, we prepared and characterized a chemically modified enzyme, and also examined an effect of the mod