[Paper Review] Gravitational Collapse and Radiation of Grand Unified Theory

Yi‐Fang Chang|ArXiv.org|Oct 2, 2007

Pulsars and Gravitational Waves Research1 references3 citations

TL;DR

This paper proposes that gravitational collapse of supermassive stars passes through a grand unified theory (GUT) energy scale, triggering nucleon decay and converting nearly all mass into radiation. The process, resembling a time-reversed Big Bang, may explain ultrahigh-energy astrophysical phenomena like quasars and gamma-ray bursts, with the star behaving as a white hole-like source of GUT-scale radiation.

ABSTRACT

The infinite gravitational collapse of any supermassive stars should pass through an energy scale of the grand unified theory (GUT). After nucleon-decays, the supermassive star will convert nearly all its mass into energy, and produce the radiation of GUT. It may probably explain some ultrahigh energy puzzles in astrophysics, for example, quasars and gamma-ray bursts (GRB), etc. This is similar with a process of the Big Bang Universe with a time-reversal evolution in much smaller space scale and mass scale. In this process the star seems be a true white hole.

Motivation & Objective

• To explore the role of grand unified theory (GUT) energy scales during gravitational collapse of supermassive stars.
• To investigate whether nucleon decay during collapse can convert stellar mass into high-energy radiation.
• To propose a mechanism linking GUT-scale physics to observed ultrahigh-energy astrophysical phenomena such as quasars and gamma-ray bursts.
• To examine the analogy between the collapse process and a time-reversed Big Bang on a smaller scale.
• To analyze the possibility that such collapsing stars behave as true white holes due to intense radiation emission.

Proposed method

• Analyzes gravitational collapse of supermassive stars under conditions reaching the GUT energy scale.
• Applies nucleon decay processes predicted by GUT models to estimate mass-to-energy conversion during collapse.
• Models the collapse as a time-reversed evolution of the Big Bang, focusing on energy release at the GUT scale.
• Considers the star's radiation output as analogous to a white hole, emitting high-energy particles and radiation.
• Uses theoretical physics principles from general relativity and GUT to describe the dynamics of mass conversion and radiation emission.
• Compares the collapse process to known astrophysical transients, suggesting it could explain phenomena like GRBs and quasars.

Experimental results

Research questions

• RQ1 Can gravitational collapse of supermassive stars reach the GUT energy scale, triggering nucleon decay?
• RQ2 To what extent can mass conversion into radiation during GUT-scale collapse explain ultrahigh-energy astrophysical events?
• RQ3 How does the time-reversed Big Bang analogy apply to the collapse of a single supermassive star?
• RQ4 What physical characteristics define a star behaving as a white hole during GUT-scale radiation emission?
• RQ5 What observational signatures might distinguish this GUT-driven collapse from other models of quasars or gamma-ray bursts?

Key findings

• Gravitational collapse of supermassive stars passes through the GUT energy scale, enabling nucleon decay processes.
• Nearly all stellar mass is converted into energy via nucleon decay, producing intense radiation at the GUT scale.
• The radiation output from such a collapse could explain the extreme luminosities observed in quasars and gamma-ray bursts.
• The process resembles a time-reversed Big Bang, occurring on a much smaller spatial and mass scale.
• The star's behavior during collapse is analogous to a white hole due to the intense, outward-directed radiation emission.
• The model provides a theoretical framework linking GUT-scale physics to observable high-energy astrophysical phenomena.