[Paper Review] Highly efficient charging and discharging of three-level quantum batteries through shortcuts to adiabaticity

Fu-Quan Dou, Yuan‐Jin Wang+1 more|arXiv (Cornell University)|Apr 28, 2021

Quantum Information and CryptographyComputer Science81 references51 citations

TL;DR

This paper proposes a three-level quantum battery enhanced by counterdiabatic shortcuts to adiabaticity (cdSTIRAP), which accelerates charging and discharging while significantly increasing stored energy and power. By applying an auxiliary control field to suppress non-adiabatic transitions, the scheme achieves faster, more efficient energy transfer compared to standard STIRAP, with analytical and numerical results demonstrating superior ergotropy and power output.

ABSTRACT

Quantum batteries are energy storage devices that satisfy quantum mechanical principles. How to improve the battery's performance such as stored energy and power is a crucial element in the quantum battery. Here, we investigate the charging and discharging dynamics of a three-level counterdiabatic stimulated Raman adiabatic passage quantum battery via shortcuts to adiabaticity, which can compensate for undesired transitions to realize a fast adiabatic evolution through the application of an additional control field to an initial Hamiltonian. The scheme can significantly speed up the charging and discharging processes of a three-level quantum battery and obtain more stored energy and higher power compared with the original stimulated Raman adiabatic passage. We explore the effect of both the amplitude and the delay time of driving fields on the performances of the quantum battery. Possible experimental implementation in superconducting circuit and nitrogen-vacancy center is also discussed.

Motivation & Objective

• To enhance the charging and discharging efficiency of three-level quantum batteries beyond standard STIRAP.
• To investigate how counterdiabatic driving improves energy storage capacity and power output.
• To analyze the impact of driving field amplitude and delay time on battery performance.
• To propose feasible experimental implementations in superconducting circuits and nitrogen-vacancy centers.

Proposed method

• Uses a three-level quantum system with states |1⟩ (ground), |2⟩ (intermediate), and |3⟩ (fully charged).
• Applies STIRAP with P and S pulses to drive transitions |1⟩↔|2⟩ and |2⟩↔|3⟩ via a dark state.
• Introduces a counterdiabatic (CD) control field to suppress non-adiabatic transitions and enable fast adiabatic evolution.
• Derives the full Hamiltonian H2 = H1 + Hcd, where Hcd includes the CD field with amplitude Ωcd and phase φ.
• Performs numerical simulations to compute ergotropy and average power under varying field amplitudes and delay times.
• Discusses experimental feasibility in superconducting qubits and nitrogen-vacancy centers in diamond.

Experimental results

Research questions

• RQ1 How does cdSTIRAP improve the charging and discharging speed of a three-level quantum battery compared to standard STIRAP?
• RQ2 What is the effect of the amplitude and delay time of the driving fields on the maximum stored energy and power output?
• RQ3 Can the counterdiabatic field significantly enhance ergotropy and power while maintaining robustness?
• RQ4 What are the realistic experimental platforms for implementing this cdSTIRAP quantum battery scheme?

Key findings

• The cdSTIRAP protocol achieves significantly higher stored energy and average power compared to standard STIRAP, with enhanced ergotropy due to fast adiabatic evolution.
• The application of the counterdiabatic field suppresses non-adiabatic transitions, enabling rapid and stable charging and discharging.
• Optimal performance is achieved with specific combinations of driving field amplitudes and delay times, as shown by numerical simulations.
• The scheme demonstrates robustness against experimental imperfections due to the dark state protection and counterdiabatic control.
• Feasible implementations are identified in superconducting circuits and nitrogen-vacancy centers, where the required control fields have been experimentally realized.
• The results confirm that shortcuts to adiabaticity can be effectively used to enhance quantum battery performance beyond conventional STIRAP.