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[论文解读] Observation and characterization of the zero energy conductance peak in the vortex core state of FeTe$_{0.55}$Se$_{0.45}$

Xiaoyu Chen, Mingyang Chen|arXiv (Cornell University)|Sep 4, 2019
Topological Materials and Phenomena参考文献 20被引用 6
一句话总结

本研究通过扫描隧道显微镜/谱学(STM/STS)证实,在FeTe₀.₅₅Se₀.₄₅的涡旋核心中存在零能电导峰(ZBCPs),表明可能存在马约拉纳零能模。这些ZBCPs在低温下(高达约4 K)保持稳定,在孤立涡旋中可维持至6 T的磁场下,且其径向分布无分裂,与传统的Caroli-de Gennes-Matricon态不同,支持其具有拓扑起源。

ABSTRACT

The search for the Majorana fermions in condensed matter physics has attracted much attention, partially because they may be used for the fault-tolerant quantum computation. It has been predicted that the Majorana zero mode may exist in the vortex core of topological superconductors. Recently, many iron-based superconductors are claimed to exhibit a topologically nontrivial surface state, including Fe(Te,Se). Some previous experiments through scanning tunneling microscopy (STM) have found zero-bias conductance peaks (ZBCP) within the vortex cores of Fe(Te,Se). However, our early experimental results have revealed the Caroli-de Gennes-Matricon (CdGM) discrete quantum levels in about 20% vortices. In many other vortices, we observed a dominant peak locating near zero bias. Here we show further study on the vortex core state of many more vortices in FeTe$_{0.55}$Se$_{0.45}$. In some vortices, if we take a certain criterion of bias voltage window near zero energy, we indeed see a zero energy mode. Some vortices exhibit zero energy bound state peaks with relatively symmetric background, which cannot be interpreted as the CdGM discrete states. The probability for vortices showing the ZBCP lowers down with the increase of magnetic field. Meanwhile it seems that the presence and absence of the ZBCP has no clear relationship with the Te/Se ratio on the surface. Temperature dependence of the spectra reveals that the ZBCP becomes weakened with increasing temperature and disappears at about 4 K. Our results provide a confirmed supplementary to the early claimed zero energy modes within the vortex cores of Fe(Te,Se). Detailed characterization of these zero energy modes versus magnetic field, temperature and spatial distribution of Te/Se will help to clarify its origin.

研究动机与目标

  • 研究在FeTe₀.₅₅Se₀.₄₅涡旋核心中观测到的零偏压电导峰(ZBCPs)的起源,区分传统Caroli-de Gennes-Matricon(CdGM)态与拓扑马约拉纳零能模。
  • 确定ZBCPs是否源于材料的拓扑超导态本身,还是受局域无序、磁场或表面组分的影响。
  • 研究ZBCPs的温度与磁场依赖性,以评估其稳定性及在容错量子计算中的潜力。
  • 评估局部Te/Se表面组分在ZBCPs出现中的作用,鉴于理论预测Fe(Te,Se)中存在拓扑表面态。

提出的方法

  • 在约0.4 K下进行扫描隧道谱学(STS)测量,以获取FeTe₀.₅₅Se₀.₄₅涡旋核心内的局域态密度。
  • 通过分析微分电导(dI/dV)谱来研究涡旋核心态,重点关注零偏压峰的存在与形状。
  • 采用±0.1 meV的偏压窗口定义ZBCPs,以考虑高温下的热展宽与谱混合效应。
  • 研究磁场依赖性,最高达6 T,以评估ZBCPs在增强磁场下的稳定性。
  • 在0.4 K至4 K范围内进行温度依赖性测量,以评估ZBCP的热脆性。
  • 通过STM形貌分析局部表面组分(Te/Se比),并将其与ZBCP的出现相关联,但未发现直接关联。

实验结果

研究问题

  • RQ1FeTe₀.₅₅Se₀.₄₅涡旋中观测到的零偏压电导峰(ZBCPs)是否代表马约拉纳零能模,而非传统的Caroli-de Gennes-Matricon(CdGM)态?
  • RQ2磁场强度如何影响表现出ZBCPs的涡旋比例?其抑制行为是否支持拓扑起源?
  • RQ3ZBCP的温度依赖性如何?其在约4 K附近消失是否表明其对热激发敏感,与马约拉纳模一致?
  • RQ4局部Te/Se表面组分与涡旋核心中ZBCPs的存在之间是否存在相关性?

主要发现

  • 在FeTe₀.₅₅Se₀.₄₅中,部分涡旋表现出主导的零偏压电导峰(ZBCP),其背景对称,与离散的CdGM态不一致,提示可能存在马约拉纳零能模。
  • 当从涡旋核心中心向径向移动时,ZBCP保持未分裂,这与传统CdGM态在更高角动量量子数下分裂为多个峰的特性形成鲜明对比。
  • ZBCP具有热脆性,其强度在2.5 K时显著减弱,并在约4 K时完全消失,表明其对热激发高度敏感。
  • 随着磁场增强,表现出ZBCPs的涡旋比例下降,超过4 T后迅速减少,尽管在某些情况下,孤立的ZBCP在6 T下仍可维持。
  • 未发现局部Te/Se表面组分与ZBCPs存在或缺失之间的明确相关性,表明ZBCP并非由表面化学计量直接决定。
  • 在6 T下观察到三个相邻涡旋均表现出ZBCPs,提示局部涡旋排列及潜在的马约拉纳模杂化可能影响观测到的统计行为。

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