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[论文解读] Biological Modelling with Nonlocal Advection Diffusion Equations

Kevin J. Painter, Thomas Hillen|arXiv (Cornell University)|Jul 26, 2023
Mathematical and Theoretical Epidemiology and Ecology ModelsMedicine被引用 3
一句话总结

本文提出非局部对流-扩散方程作为建模生物聚集行为(包括细胞分选、集群运动和领地行为)的框架,通过基于积分的对流项反映长程相互作用。主要贡献在于提出一种统一的数学方法,通过非局部PDE将个体层面的相互作用与种群层面的模式联系起来,提供稳定性、分岔和存在性等分析工具,支持数据驱动的模型校准与跨学科洞见。

ABSTRACT

The employment of nonlocal PDE models to describe biological aggregation and other phenomena has gained considerable traction in recent years. For cell populations, these methods grant a means of accommodating essential elements such as cell adhesion, critical to the development and structure of tissues. For animals, they can be used to describe how the nearby presence of conspecifics and/or heterospecifics influence movement behaviour. In this review, we will focus on classes of biological movement models in which the advective (or directed) component to motion is governed by an integral term that accounts for how the surrounding distribution(s) of the population(s) impact on a member's movement. We recount the fundamental motivation for these models: the intrinsic capacity of cell populations to self-organise and spatially sort within tissues; the wide-ranging tendency of animals towards spatial structuring, from the formations of herds and swarms to territorial segregation. We examine the derivation of these models from an individual level, illustrating in the process methods that allow models to be connected to data. We explore a growing analytical literature, including methods of stability and bifurcation analysis, and existence results. We conclude with a short section that lays out some future challenges and connections to the modelling of sociological phenomena including opinion dynamics.

研究动机与目标

  • 开发并统一非局部PDE模型,以捕捉细胞和动物种群中长程生物相互作用。
  • 弥合个体层面的运动规则与涌现的种群尺度模式(如聚集、集群和领地形成)之间的联系。
  • 为非局部对流-扩散系统提供分析工具——包括稳定性、分岔和存在性结果。
  • 通过反演建模和数据拟合技术,将这些模型与经验数据相连接。
  • 强调生物系统与社会学现象(如意见动力学)之间的联系,表明其更广泛的应用潜力。

提出的方法

  • 构建非局部对流-扩散方程,其中对流速度依赖于种群分布的积分,以捕捉非局部感知。
  • 通过位置跳跃过程和标度极限,从个体基于模型(ABMs)推导PDE,确保与观测到的运动核的一致性。
  • 利用能量最小化原理,从势函数W(|r|)推导吸引或排斥的相互作用核。
  • 应用稳定性与分岔分析,识别模式态(如聚集、簇)自发出现的条件。
  • 采用两种方法进行模型校准:将模拟中出现的模式与观测轨迹相拟合,或直接将运动核与时间序列位置数据相拟合。
  • 利用数学工具如卷积算子和梯度形式(例如,∇(u * (W * f(u)))))将非局部相互作用表达为PDE形式。
Figure 1 : Illustration of the models ( 1.2 ) as formulated to describe grouping or herding, i.e. a tendency to move towards and aggregate at areas of higher population density. (Top row) For ( 1.2a ) each individual within the interaction region (dotted circles) generates a local ‘force’ of attract
Figure 1 : Illustration of the models ( 1.2 ) as formulated to describe grouping or herding, i.e. a tendency to move towards and aggregate at areas of higher population density. (Top row) For ( 1.2a ) each individual within the interaction region (dotted circles) generates a local ‘force’ of attract

实验结果

研究问题

  • RQ1非局部PDE如何有效建模生物系统中的长程相互作用,如细胞黏附和动物集群运动?
  • RQ2在非局部对流-扩散模型中,何种条件会引发聚集、鸟群或领地的自发形成?
  • RQ3如何系统地将个体层面的运动规则转化为保留生物学真实性的非局部PDE?
  • RQ4可用于研究非局部PDE系统中稳定性与分岔的分析技术有哪些?
  • RQ5如何将非局部PDE模型校准至经验数据?不同校准策略的优势与局限性是什么?

主要发现

  • 非局部对流-扩散模型通过基于积分的相互作用项,成功再现了细胞分选、聚集和领地形成等关键生物现象。
  • 通过标度极限从个体规则推导模型,确保了微观行为与宏观模式之间的一致性。
  • 稳定性与分岔分析表明,即使在无外部线索的条件下,非局部相互作用也能导致自发模式形成。
  • 在适当条件下,非局部PDE解的存在性已得到证明,支持该框架的数学有效性。
  • 可采用两种不同的数据拟合策略——基于模式的与基于核的——进行模型校准,但需进一步统一以实现最优推断。
  • 该框架为不同学科提供了共同的数学语言,促进了生态学、肿瘤学与社会学建模之间的交叉融合。
Figure 2 : (a) Cell-cell adhesion naturally leads to accretion, with cells attaching on contact and forming a cluster or aggregation. (b) Sorting dynamics in adhesive populations, as predicted by the DAH. In a mixture of two distinct cell populations, three principal parameters can be identified: tw
Figure 2 : (a) Cell-cell adhesion naturally leads to accretion, with cells attaching on contact and forming a cluster or aggregation. (b) Sorting dynamics in adhesive populations, as predicted by the DAH. In a mixture of two distinct cell populations, three principal parameters can be identified: tw

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