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[论文解读] Martensitic transformation induced by cooling NiTi wire under various tensile stresses: martensite variant microstructure, textures, recoverable strains and plastic strains

Ondřej Tyc, Xiaohui Bian|arXiv (Cornell University)|Jun 21, 2024
Shape Memory Alloy TransformationsMaterials Science被引用 3
一句话总结

本研究探讨了在冷却过程中拉伸应力如何在纳米晶NiTi丝中诱发马氏体相变(MT),结果表明:当应力超过100 MPa时,会形成单域(001)复合孪晶,恢复应变在约200 MPa时达到约5%的最大值,并且通过位错滑移和扭折带形成产生应力依赖性的塑性应变。研究结果阐明了外部应力在重取向马氏体变体及调控形状记忆合金中相变力学行为中的作用。

ABSTRACT

To understand how martensitic transformation (MT) in polycrystalline NiTi shape memory alloy (SMA) proceeds under external stress, we evaluated recoverable transformation strains and plastic strains generated by the forward MT in nanocrystalline NiTi wire cooled under tensile stresses 0-600 MPa, determined textures in martensite and reconstructed martensite variant microstructures within the selected grains of the cooled wire. The obtained findings show that the forward MT proceeding under external stresses gives rise to characteristic recoverable transformation strains, plastic strains, martensite variant microstructures and martensite textures. MT occurring upon cooling under stresses exceeding 100 MPa creates martensite variant microstructures consisting of single domain of partially detwinned laminate of (001) compound twins filling entire grains. The recoverable transformation strain increases with increasing stress, reaches maximum ~5% at ~200 MPa stress, and remains constant with further increasing stress up to 600 MPa. Starting from 100 MPa stress, the forward MT generates also plastic strains, the magnitude of which also increases with increasing stress. We propose that, in the absence of external stress, the forward MT takes place via propagation of strain compatible habit plane interfaces between austenite and second order laminate of (001) compound twins. When the forward MT takes place under external tensile stress, it occurs equally, but the newly created martensite immediately reorients into single domains of (001) compound twins, partially detwins and deforms plastically under the action of the external stress. The plastic strain generated by the forward MT upon cooling under stress is attributed to the [100](001) dislocation slip in martensite at low stresses and plastic deformation of martensite by kwinking at high stresses.

研究动机与目标

  • 理解施加的拉伸应力对多晶NiTi形状记忆合金(SMA)丝中马氏体相变(MT)的影响。
  • 量化在不同拉伸应力(0–600 MPa)下正向马氏体相变过程中产生的可恢复相变应变和塑性应变。
  • 表征在外部应力作用下冷却过程中形成的马氏体变体微观结构和织构。
  • 阐明在马氏体相变过程中,马氏体重取向及塑性变形的机理。

提出的方法

  • 在0至600 MPa的可控拉伸应力下冷却纳米晶NiTi丝,以诱发正向马氏体相变。
  • 利用电子背散射衍射(EBSD)技术重建单个晶粒内马氏体变体微观结构。
  • 通过取向测绘和晶体学分析,分析马氏体相的织构发展。
  • 通过原位或非原位应变测量,测定可恢复相变应变和塑性应变。
  • 将微观结构演化与应力依赖性相变行为及变形机理相关联。
  • 基于观察到的微观结构和应变数据,提出一个关于应力诱导马氏体重取向和塑性变形的机理模型。

实验结果

研究问题

  • RQ1在冷却过程中施加的拉伸应力如何影响NiTi丝中马氏体变体的微观结构?
  • RQ2施加的拉伸应力与NiTi丝中可恢复相变应变大小之间存在何种关系?
  • RQ3在正向马氏体相变过程中,塑性应变在何种应力水平开始显著贡献于总应变?
  • RQ4在拉伸应力下,导致马氏体中塑性应变的主导变形机制是什么?
  • RQ5在冷却过程中,不同拉伸加载条件下马氏体相的织构如何演变?

主要发现

  • 可恢复相变应变随施加应力增加而增大,在约200 MPa时达到约5%的峰值,并在600 MPa以下保持恒定。
  • 当拉伸应力超过100 MPa时,塑性应变开始产生,并随应力进一步升高而增加。
  • 在应力超过100 MPa时,马氏体形成单域(001)复合孪晶并伴有部分去孪生,表明发生了应力诱导的重取向。
  • 在应力作用下的正向马氏体相变通过新生成的马氏体立即重取向为单域(001)复合孪晶而进行,这与零应力条件下应变相容的惯习面界面机制不同。
  • 在低应力下(至约200 MPa),塑性变形归因于[100](001)位错滑移;而在较高应力下,扭折带(扭折)机制占主导。
  • 微观结构演化表明,外部应力抑制了孪生,促进了单域马氏体的直接形成,从而改变了相变路径。

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