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[论文解读] An Energy-efficient Aerial Backhaul System with Reconfigurable Intelligent Surface

Hong-Bae Jeon, Sungho Park|arXiv (Cornell University)|Apr 5, 2021
Advanced Wireless Communication Technologies参考文献 48被引用 5
一句话总结

本文提出了一种基于高空气球平台部署可重构智能表面(RIS)的节能空中回传系统,以实现无人机基站(UAV-BSs)的可靠视 Line-of-Sight(LoS)回传链路。通过联合优化RIS部署、阵列分割和相位偏移,该系统在具有二次复杂度的优化下显著提升了能量效率,在存在遮挡的城区场景中优于基准方案。

ABSTRACT

In this paper, we propose a novel wireless architecture, mounted on a high-altitude aerial platform, which is enabled by reconfigurable intelligent surface (RIS). By installing RIS on the aerial platform, rich line-of-sight and full-area coverage can be achieved, thereby, overcoming the limitations of the conventional terrestrial RIS. We consider a scenario where a sudden increase in traffic in an urban area triggers authorities to rapidly deploy unmanned-aerial vehicle base stations (UAV-BSs) to serve the ground users. In this scenario, since the direct backhaul link from the ground source can be blocked due to several obstacles from the urban area, we propose reflecting the backhaul signal using aerial-RIS so that it successfully reaches the UAV-BSs. We jointly optimize the placement and array-partition strategies of aerial-RIS and the phases of RIS elements, which leads to an increase in energy-efficiency of every UAV-BS. We show that the complexity of our algorithm can be bounded by the quadratic order, thus implying high computational efficiency. We verify the performance of the proposed algorithm via extensive numerical evaluations and show that our method achieves an outstanding performance in terms of energy-efficiency compared to benchmark schemes.

研究动机与目标

  • 解决因遮挡和非视 Line-of-Sight(LoS)传播导致的城市地区地面回传链路不可靠的问题。
  • 通过在空中平台部署RIS实现LoS回传,提升无人机基站(UAV-BSs)的能量效率。
  • 联合优化RIS部署、阵列分割和相位偏移,以最大化能量效率。
  • 在保持高性能的同时降低计算复杂度,适用于动态城区部署场景。

提出的方法

  • 在高空空中平台部署可重构智能表面(RIS),为无人机基站(UAV-BSs)创建丰富的LoS链路。
  • 在源端使用最大比率传输(MRT)波束成形,通过RIS反射使信号对准无人机基站(UAV-BSs)。
  • 联合优化RIS位置、阵列分割和相位偏移,以在非凸约束下最大化能量效率。
  • 采用具有二次复杂度的算法,高效求解非凸多目标优化问题。
  • 采用对偶分解方法并结合Karush-Kuhn-Tucker(KKT)条件,推导出最优RIS单元分割方案。
  • 在功率和速率约束下,采用基于立方根的闭式解求解最优RIS分割尺寸。
Figure 1: Proposed UAV-BS access network with aerial-RIS backhaul link. The source is equipped with $M$ directional antennas and sends the backhaul signal to $M_{0}$ UAV-BSs. The RIS is assumed to be implemented on a voluminous aerial platform placed at an altitude of $H$ , and reflects the backhaul
Figure 1: Proposed UAV-BS access network with aerial-RIS backhaul link. The source is equipped with $M$ directional antennas and sends the backhaul signal to $M_{0}$ UAV-BSs. The RIS is assumed to be implemented on a voluminous aerial platform placed at an altitude of $H$ , and reflects the backhaul

实验结果

研究问题

  • RQ1部署在高空平台的RIS能否显著提升城市无人机基站(UAV-BSs)部署中的回传可靠性与能量效率?
  • RQ2RIS部署、阵列分割与相位偏移的联合优化如何影响系统能量效率?
  • RQ3所提出的优化框架的计算复杂度是多少?是否可被界定以确保实时可行性?
  • RQ4在遮挡条件下,与地面RIS和直接回传相比,所提出的空中RIS系统在能量效率方面表现如何?
  • RQ5RIS阵列分割与相位偏移设计对频谱效率和能量效率有何影响?

主要发现

  • 所提出的空中RIS系统在存在高遮挡概率的城市环境中,相比基准方案展现出更优的能量效率。
  • RIS部署、阵列分割与相位偏移的联合优化显著降低了在给定数据速率下的所需发射功率。
  • 该算法的计算复杂度被限定在二次方阶,支持高效实时实现。
  • 由于空中RIS具有全向反射能力,系统可实现完整的三维覆盖,包括空中的无人机基站(UAV-BSs)。
  • 数值评估结果证实,所提方法在能量效率方面优于直接回传和地面RIS解决方案。
  • 最优RIS分割通过基于立方根表达式的闭式解推导得出,确保快速收敛。
Figure 2: Passive beamforming gain $g$ and the region of full/sub-array structure. If the sin-AoD deviation exceeds the HPBW of the beamforming gain with full-array structure, we apply the sub-array structure to include the deviated point.
Figure 2: Passive beamforming gain $g$ and the region of full/sub-array structure. If the sin-AoD deviation exceeds the HPBW of the beamforming gain with full-array structure, we apply the sub-array structure to include the deviated point.

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