[Paper Review] Artificial Intelligence and its Role in Near Future

Jahanzaib Shabbir, Tarique Anwer|arXiv (Cornell University)|Apr 1, 2018

Anomaly Detection Techniques and Applications65 references80 citations

TL;DR

A survey exploring current AI capabilities, differences from human intelligence, open challenges, ethics, risks, and future predictions.

ABSTRACT

AI technology has a long history which is actively and constantly changing and growing. It focuses on intelligent agents, which contain devices that perceive the environment and based on which takes actions in order to maximize goal success chances. In this paper, we will explain the modern AI basics and various representative applications of AI. In the context of the modern digitalized world, AI is the property of machines, computer programs, and systems to perform the intellectual and creative functions of a person, independently find ways to solve problems, be able to draw conclusions and make decisions. Most artificial intelligence systems have the ability to learn, which allows people to improve their performance over time. The recent research on AI tools, including machine learning, deep learning and predictive analysis intended toward increasing the planning, learning, reasoning, thinking and action taking ability. Based on which, the proposed research intends towards exploring on how the human intelligence differs from the artificial intelligence. Moreover, we critically analyze what AI of today is capable of doing, why it still cannot reach human intelligence and what are the open challenges existing in front of AI to reach and outperform human level of intelligence. Furthermore, it will explore the future predictions for artificial intelligence and based on which potential solution will be recommended to solve it within next decades.

Motivation & Objective

• Explain modern AI basics and representative applications in a digital world.
• Compare human intelligence with artificial intelligence and identify current limitations.
• Analyze why AI has not reached human-level intelligence and outline open challenges.
• Discuss future predictions for AI and propose potential solutions for the coming decades.

Proposed method

• Survey of AI concepts including learning, reasoning, perception, and action.
• Critical analysis of human vs. AI capabilities and limitations.
• Discussion of knowledge representation, perception, learning, natural language processing, and planning as AI components.
• Evaluation of open challenges, risks, and the need for responsible and hybrid AI approaches.
• Synthesis of future trajectories and recommended approaches for safe AI development.

Experimental results

Research questions

• RQ1 What are the current capabilities and limitations of today’s AI across key subfields?
• RQ2 Why hasn’t AI achieved human-level intelligence, and what are the main obstacles?
• RQ3 What open challenges and risks could shape the near and far future of AI, and how might they be mitigated?
• RQ4 What future directions and solutions are suggested to guide AI development responsibly?

Key findings

• AI can imitate certain human tasks but still lacks broad learning, generalization, and common-sense reasoning.
• Humans differ from AI in emotion, creativity, and flexible adaptation, which limits AI’s ability to match human intelligence.
• There are significant open challenges including safety, ethics, unemployment, privacy, and social impact.
• Hybrid approaches combining neural and symbolic methods are proposed as a path to more capable and controllable AI.
• The paper discusses future AI applications across industries and highlights the potential societal changes and risks.”],
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