[Paper Review] Gamma Ray Bursts Scaling Relations to test cosmological models

Salvatore Capozzıello, L. Consiglio+4 more|arXiv (Cornell University)|Jun 28, 2012

Gamma-ray bursts and supernovae1 references3 citations

TL;DR

This paper investigates gamma-ray bursts (GRBs) as cosmological distance indicators using empirically derived scaling relations to test cosmological models, particularly the ΛCDM model. By calibrating GRB luminosities via SNeIa and analyzing correlations like E_peak–E_γ and L_iso–E_peak–T_0.45, the authors demonstrate that GRBs yield cosmographic parameters consistent with ΛCDM, while also exploring their potential for neutrino and gravitational wave detection, and highlighting the SKA’s role in enabling the first comprehensive GRB radio survey.

ABSTRACT

Gamma ray burst (GRBs) can be used to constrain cosmological parameters from medium up to very high redshift. These powerful systems could be the further reliable distance indicators after SNeIa supernovae. We consider GRBs samples to achieve the luminosity distance to redshift relation and derive the values of the cosmographic parameters considering several possible scaling relations. GRBs, if calibrated by SNeIa, seem reliable as distance indicators and give cosmographic parameters in good agreement with the LCDM model. GRBs correlations with neutrino and gravitational wave signals are also investigated in view of high energy neutrino experiments and gravitational wave detectors as LIGO-VIRGO. A discussion on the GRB afterglow curve up to the visible and radio wavelengths is developed considering the possibility to use the Square Kilometer Array (SKA) telescope to achieve the first GRB-radio survey.

Motivation & Objective

• To assess the viability of GRBs as high-redshift distance indicators beyond SNeIa.
• To address the circularity problem in GRB cosmology by using scaling relations calibrated with fiducial models.
• To evaluate the potential of GRBs for probing high-energy neutrino and gravitational wave signals.
• To explore the feasibility of constructing a complete GRB luminosity curve using radio observations via the Square Kilometer Array (SKA).
• To provide a phenomenological framework for standardizing GRBs despite the lack of a full theoretical understanding of their scaling relations.

Proposed method

• Utilizes empirically motivated scaling relations between GRB prompt emission properties (e.g., E_peak, E_γ, T_0.45, L_iso) and redshift to infer luminosity distances.
• Applies a fiducial cosmological model (e.g., ΛCDM) to calibrate GRB correlations, mitigating the circularity problem through iterative fitting.
• Employs the Hubble diagram derived from GRB luminosity distances to test cosmological models.
• Analyzes the potential for high-energy neutrino emission from GRBs via inelastic proton-neutron collisions in the fireball model.
• Evaluates the detectability of gravitational wave signals from compact binary mergers associated with short GRBs using LIGO-Virgo.
• Proposes the use of the Square Kilometer Array (SKA) to conduct the first systematic radio survey of GRBs, completing their multi-wavelength luminosity curve.

Experimental results

Research questions

• RQ1 Can GRB scaling relations provide reliable cosmological distance measurements at high redshifts beyond the reach of SNeIa?
• RQ2 How do the derived cosmographic parameters from GRBs compare with those of the ΛCDM model?
• RQ3 To what extent can GRBs serve as sources of high-energy neutrinos, and how can future neutrino detectors like IceCube or KM3NeT detect them?
• RQ4 What is the potential of gravitational wave detectors like LIGO-Virgo in detecting GW signals coincident with GRBs?
• RQ5 Can the Square Kilometer Array enable a complete multi-wavelength luminosity curve for GRBs by detecting their radio afterglow?

Key findings

• GRBs calibrated with SNeIa yield cosmographic parameters that are in good agreement with the predictions of the ΛCDM model.
• The L_iso–E_peak–T_0.45 correlation provides a robust method for estimating luminosity distance using only prompt emission data, avoiding reliance on afterglow measurements.
• GRBs are predicted to emit high-energy neutrinos (from GeV to EeV) via inelastic proton-neutron collisions in the fireball, offering a probe of internal shock physics and cosmic ray acceleration.
• Theoretical models suggest that a fraction of GRBs originate from compact binary mergers, making them detectable via gravitational wave chirps in advanced LIGO-Virgo.
• The Square Kilometer Array (SKA) is expected to enable the first comprehensive GRB-radio survey, significantly improving the completeness of GRB luminosity curves across the electromagnetic spectrum.
• Despite extensive searches, no significant excess of high-energy neutrinos from GRBs has been detected to date, highlighting the need for improved sensitivity and analysis techniques.