[Paper Review] Graph state engineering by phase modulation of the quantum optical frequency comb

Xuan Zhu, Chun-Hung Chang+4 more|arXiv (Cornell University)|Dec 24, 2019

Photonic and Optical Devices4 citations

TL;DR

This paper proposes phase modulation of a quantum optical frequency comb (QOFC) from a single optical parametric oscillator (OPO) as a scalable method to engineer graph states, enabling the transition from independent EPR pairs to one-dimensional linear cluster states and ultimately to two-dimensional square-lattice cluster states. The technique allows tailoring of universal quantum computing resources with high compatibility to integrated photonics.

ABSTRACT

The quantum optical frequency comb (QOFC) of a single optical parametric oscillator (OPO) is a scalable platform for quantum information as a generator of large size cluster states. We show that the phase modulation of the QOFCs emitted by an OPO is a powerful graph engineering technique that can increase the topological dimension of the generated cluster state, from zero (independent EPR pairs) to one (linear cluster state), and from one to two (square-lattice cluster state), thereby allowing the creation and tailoring of universal quantum computing resources. This concept is highly compatible with integrated photonics.

Motivation & Objective

• To develop a scalable method for generating large-scale cluster states using a single OPO.
• To enable topological control of quantum graph states via phase modulation of the QOFC.
• To extend the dimensionality of generated cluster states from zero (EPR pairs) to two (square-lattice states).
• To provide a technique compatible with integrated photonics for universal quantum information processing.

Proposed method

• Phase modulation is applied to the quantum optical frequency comb (QOFC) emitted by a single optical parametric oscillator (OPO).
• The phase modulation alters the entanglement structure of the QOFC, enabling control over the graph state topology.
• By tuning the phase modulation pattern, the system transitions from independent EPR pairs to linear cluster states and then to two-dimensional square-lattice cluster states.
• The method leverages the inherent scalability of the QOFC platform for generating multi-mode entanglement.
• The approach is designed to be compatible with integrated photonic circuits for practical quantum information applications.

Experimental results

Research questions

• RQ1 Can phase modulation of a QOFC generate and tailor graph states with increasing topological complexity?
• RQ2 To what extent can the dimensionality of the generated cluster state be controlled via phase modulation?
• RQ3 Is the phase modulation technique scalable and compatible with integrated photonic architectures?
• RQ4 Can the method produce universal resources for measurement-based quantum computing?

Key findings

• Phase modulation enables the engineering of cluster states with topological dimensions ranging from zero (independent EPR pairs) to two (square-lattice cluster states).
• The method allows for the systematic transition from simple entangled pairs to complex, universal quantum computing resources.
• The technique is inherently scalable due to the use of a single OPO as a source of a multi-mode quantum frequency comb.
• The approach is highly compatible with integrated photonics, enabling practical implementation in on-chip quantum technologies.