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[论文解读] Modified Axion Electrodynamics through Oscillating Vacuum Polarization and Magnetization and Low Mass Detection using Electric Sensing

Michael E. Tobar, Ben T. McAllister|arXiv (Cornell University)|Sep 5, 2018
Quantum and Classical Electrodynamics被引用 2
一句话总结

该论文通过将轴子引起的极化与磁化效应嵌入到本构关系中,将其视为有效激励源,重新表述了轴子修正的电动力学。它表明,直流磁场会诱导出轴子频率振荡的极化,类似于辐射电偶极子;而直流电场则会诱导出振荡磁化,从而可通过有效电流与矢量势耦合,实现通过电学探测轴子感应电压信号的低质量轴子探测。

ABSTRACT

We present a reformulation of axion modified electrodynamics with all modifications redefined within the constitutive relations between the D,H,B and E fields. This allows the interpretation of the axion induced background bound charge, polarization current and background polarization and magnetization satisfying the charge-current continuity equation. This representation is of similar form to photon sector odd-parity Lorentz invariance violating background fields. We show that when a DC B-field is applied an oscillating background polarization is induced at a frequency equivalent to the axion mass. In contrast, when DC E-field is applied, an oscillating background magnetization is induced at a frequency equivalent to the axion mass. We show that these terms are equivalent to impressed source terms, analogous to the way that voltage and current sources are impressed into Maxwell's equations in circuit and antenna theory. The impressed source terms represent the conversion of external energy into electromagnetic energy, and in the case of axion modified electrodynamics this is due to the inverse Primakoff effect converting energy from axions into photons. The axion induced oscillating polarization under a DC magnetic field is analogous to a permanent polarised electret oscillating at the axion Compton frequency, which sources an electromotive force from an effective impressed magnetic current source. In particular, it is shown that the impressed electrical DC current that drives the solenoidal magnetic DC field of an electromagnet, induces an impressed magnetic current parallel to the DC electrical current, oscillating at the Compton frequency of the axion. We show that the magnetic current drives a voltage source through an electric vector potential and also defines the boundary condition of the oscillating axion induced polarization inside and outside the electromagnet.

研究动机与目标

  • 通过将所有轴子引起的效应嵌入D、H、B和E场的本构关系中,重新表述轴子修正的电动力学。
  • 将轴子引起的背景电荷、极化与磁化解释为连续性方程的解,确保与守恒定律的一致性。
  • 证明在直流磁场或电场作用下,轴子引起的振荡以康普顿频率出现,从而可通过电磁响应实现探测。
  • 建立轴子引起的效应与电路与天线理论中激励源之间的形式类比,实现通过电学探测。
  • 通过利用直流场配置中轴子驱动的振荡极化与磁化所感应的电压,实现低质量轴子探测。

提出的方法

  • 通过重新定义本构关系,将轴子引起的极化与磁化作为有效背景场,重新表述轴子修正的电动力学。
  • 将直流磁场下轴子引起的振荡极化建模为有效激励磁流源,类比于辐射电偶极子。
  • 将直流电场下轴子引起的振荡磁化建模为有效激励电流传源,类比于磁偶极子辐射源。
  • 利用电矢量势将感应磁流与探测系统中可测量的电压信号联系起来。
  • 推导轴子引起的极化与磁化在材料界面(特别是电磁铁内部与外部)的边界条件。
  • 将轴子通过逆普里马科夫效应转化为电磁能的过程视为麦克斯韦方程组中的有效激励源项。

实验结果

研究问题

  • RQ1如何重新表述轴子修正的电动力学,使得所有轴子引起的效应都嵌入到D、H、B和E场的本构关系中?
  • RQ2低质量轴子在直流磁场或电场作用下的电磁特征是什么?
  • RQ3轴子引起的振荡极化与磁化在直流场条件下如何行为,其有效源项是什么?
  • RQ4逆普里马科夫效应能否被建模为麦克斯韦方程组中的有效激励源,从而实现通过电学探测?
  • RQ5在直流场存在下,轴子引起的极化与磁化在材料界面处的边界条件是什么?

主要发现

  • 当施加直流磁场时,在轴子康普顿频率下会感应出振荡的背景极化,类比于辐射电偶极子。
  • 当施加直流电场时,在轴子康普顿频率下会感应出振荡的背景磁化,类比于磁偶极子辐射源。
  • 由螺线管中的直流电流感应出的激励磁流与电流方向平行,并在轴子康普顿频率下振荡,从而实现电压生成。
  • 轴子引起的磁流通过电矢量势驱动可测量的电压,为轴子的电学探测提供了途径。
  • 在电磁铁内部与外部均定义了轴子引起极化的边界条件,从而实现了信号响应的一致建模。
  • 有效激励源项代表了轴子能量通过逆普里马科夫效应转化为光子能量,类比于电路理论中的电压源与电流源。

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