[论文解读] Multi-Beam Multi-Hop Routing for Intelligent Reflecting Surfaces Aided Massive MIMO
本文提出了一种用于智能反射面(IRS)辅助的大规模MIMO系统的多波束多跳(MBMH)路由框架,通过联合设计最优的IRS选择与反射路径,以最大化最小用户信道增益。通过将问题建模为图优化任务并采用递归算法,在严格路径分离约束下实现低复杂度的近优性能,从而避免用户间干扰。
Intelligent reflecting surface (IRS) is envisioned to play a significant role in future wireless communication systems as an effective means of reconfiguring the radio signal propagation environment. In this paper, we study a new multi-IRS aided massive multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) system, where a multi-antenna BS transmits independent messages to a set of remote single-antenna users using orthogonal beams that are subsequently reflected by different groups of IRSs via their respective multi-hop passive beamforming over pairwise line-of-sight (LoS) links. We aim to select optimal IRSs and their beam routing path for each of the users, along with the active/passive beamforming at the BS/IRSs, such that the minimum received signal power among all users is maximized. This problem is particularly difficult to solve due to a new type of path separation constraints for avoiding the IRS-reflected signal induced interference among different users. To tackle this difficulty, we first derive the optimal BS/IRS active/passive beamforming solutions based on their practical codebooks given the reflection paths. Then we show that the resultant multi-beam multi-hop routing problem can be recast as an equivalent graph-optimization problem, which is however NP-complete. To solve this challenging problem, we propose an efficient recursive algorithm to partially enumerate the feasible routing solutions, which is able to effectively balance the performance-complexity trade-off. Numerical results demonstrate that the proposed algorithm achieves near-optimal performance with low complexity and outperforms other benchmark schemes. Useful insights into the optimal multi-beam multi-hop routing design are also drawn under different setups of the multi-IRS aided massive MIMO network.
研究动机与目标
- 通过施加路径分离约束,解决多IRS、多用户、多波束大规模MIMO系统中的用户间干扰问题。
- 联合优化基站处的主动波束成形、IRS处的被动波束成形以及多跳反射路由路径。
- 在实际IRS码本约束下,最大化所有用户接收信号功率的最小值。
- 为NP完全的MBMH路由问题开发一种低复杂度、高性能的解决方案。
- 提供关于端到端路径损耗与协作式被动波束成形增益之间权衡的设计洞见。
提出的方法
- 将问题重新表述为图优化任务,其中每个IRS和用户为一个节点,反射路径为带权重成本的边。
- 提出一种参数化递归算法,对可行路由解进行部分枚举,以在性能与复杂度之间取得平衡。
- 针对给定的反射路径,利用实际的IRS码本推导最优主动/被动波束成形。
- 强制执行路径分离约束,以防止IRS反射信号在不同用户间产生干扰。
- 利用图论建模通过选定IRS组实现的多跳信号反射。
- 性能评估采用最大最小信道增益作为度量标准,与基准方法对比,涵盖不同码本分辨率和IRS配置。
实验结果
研究问题
- RQ1在存在用户间干扰约束的多IRS大规模MIMO系统中,如何设计最优的多波束多跳路由?
- RQ2IRS码本分辨率(控制比特数)对可实现的最大最小信道增益有何影响?
- RQ3当IRS波束成形分辨率受限时,端到端的波束离开角(AoDs)和到达角(AoAs)如何影响路由性能?
- RQ4最小化端到端路径损耗与最大化协作式被动波束成形增益之间的根本权衡是什么?
- RQ5IRS反射单元数量如何影响最优路由解与系统性能?
主要发现
- 所提出的递归算法在显著低于穷举搜索复杂度的情况下,实现了近优性能。
- 当IRS码本分辨率较低时(例如,b₀ ≤ 3),AoAs与AoDs主导性能表现,路径损耗的影响相对较小。
- 当b₀较小时,忽略AoAs/AoDs的第二项基准方法性能劣于所提方法;但当b₀ ≥ 6时,其性能优于所提方法。
- 第三项基准方法忽略端到端路径损耗,整体性能劣于所提方法,但在b₀ ≤ 3时优于第二项基准方法。
- 存在最小化路径损耗与最大化协作式被动波束成形增益之间的根本权衡,不同因素在不同IRS单元数量下起主导作用。
- 当IRS码本分辨率受限时,最优MBMH路由设计必须考虑AoAs与AoDs。
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