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[论文解读] RGB-D SLAM in Dynamic Environments Using Point Correlations

Weichen Dai, Yu Zhang|arXiv (Cornell University)|Nov 8, 2018
Robotics and Sensor-Based Localization参考文献 64被引用 9
一句话总结

本文提出DSLAM,一种实时RGB-D SLAM系统,通过利用点相关性对静态与动态地图点进行分割,从而在动态环境中减轻运动估计误差。通过构建地图点的稀疏Delaunay三角剖分图,并在优化过程中移除未相关点对之间的边,该方法将最大连通分量识别为静态点,从而在存在移动物体的情况下仍能实现鲁棒的相机位姿估计。

ABSTRACT

In this paper, a simultaneous localization and mapping (SLAM) method that eliminates the influence of moving objects in dynamic environments is proposed. This method utilizes the correlation between map points to separate points that are part of the static scene and points that are part of different moving objects into different groups. A sparse graph is first created using Delaunay triangulation from all map points. In this graph, the vertices represent map points, and each edge represents the correlation between adjacent points. If the relative position between two points remains consistent over time, there is correlation between them, and they are considered to be moving together rigidly. If not, they are considered to have no correlation and to be in separate groups. After the edges between the uncorrelated points are removed during point-correlation optimization, the remaining graph separates the map points of the moving objects from the map points of the static scene. The largest group is assumed to be the group of reliable static map points. Finally, motion estimation is performed using only these points. The proposed method was implemented for RGB-D sensors, evaluated with a public RGB-D benchmark, and tested in several additional challenging environments. The experimental results demonstrate that robust and accurate performance can be achieved by the proposed SLAM method in both slightly and highly dynamic environments. Compared with other state-of-the-art methods, the proposed method can provide competitive accuracy with good real-time performance.

研究动机与目标

  • 解决在移动物体占据视野主导地位的动态环境中相机运动估计失败的挑战。
  • 克服传统SLAM方法假设世界静态的局限性,这些方法在存在移动物体时会失效。
  • 开发一种与传感器无关的方法,无需依赖深度学习或语义先验,即可区分静态场景点与动态物体点。
  • 仅利用点相关性的时间一致性几何一致性,在轻微和高度动态环境中实现实时、高精度的SLAM。
  • 通过基于相关性的分割框架在位姿优化前过滤动态点,提升鲁棒性与精度。

提出的方法

  • 使用Delaunay三角剖分构建稀疏图,其中顶点表示地图点,边表示空间邻接关系。
  • 将点相关性建模为相对位置的时间一致性:在长时间内保持相对运动一致的点被视为相关点。
  • 应用点相关性优化,移除未相关点对之间的边,从而将动态点与静态场景分离。
  • 在剩余图中识别最大连通分量作为可靠静态地图点集合。
  • 仅在静态点分量上执行运动估计与捆绑调整,以消除移动物体的干扰。
  • 将分割流水线集成至实时SLAM系统(DSLAM)中,适用于RGB-D传感器,通过并行处理保持效率。

实验结果

研究问题

  • RQ1基于点相关性的分割能否在实时SLAM系统中有效区分静态地图点与动态点?
  • RQ2在移动物体占据视野大部分区域的高度动态环境中,该方法表现如何?
  • RQ3该方法能否在无需GPU加速或预训练的情况下实现竞争性精度与实时性能?
  • RQ4与基于学习的方法或仅依赖运动一致性的方法相比,该相关性分割方法在鲁棒性与泛化能力方面表现如何?
  • RQ5该方法在非RGB-D传感器(如单目、双目或LiDAR系统)中的可扩展性如何?

主要发现

  • DSLAM在轻微和高度动态环境中均显著优于当前最先进方法,尤其在动态物体占据率较高的场景中表现更优。
  • 尽管未依赖深度学习或预训练,该方法在精度与效率上仍优于基于学习的方法。
  • DSLAM在视野中存在未知且快速移动物体时仍保持鲁棒性,且避免了漂移。
  • 静态点判定模块的计算复杂度与地图点数量近乎线性增长,且由于滑动窗口关键帧机制,运行时间保持有界。
  • DSLAM在计算成本低于DynaSLAM(需GPU与预训练)的同时,仍实现了竞争性精度与实时性能。
  • 该方法对特征匹配错误具有鲁棒性,表现为即使部分动态点被错误匹配至静态场景,仍能正确识别静态点。

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