[Paper Review] Universes seen by a Chandrasekhar equation in stellar physics

T. Gehrels|arXiv (Cornell University)|Jan 11, 2007

Healthcare Regulation5 references3 citations

TL;DR

This paper proposes a cosmological model based on an extended Chandrasekhar equation, suggesting the universe originated from a finite primordial mass of 1.13179 × 10⁷⁸ proton masses. It links this mass to WMAP data and proton radius measurements, predicting a multiverse with near-critical mass and uniform physics, emerging from an inflationary spacetime background.

ABSTRACT

While we know that quantum, relativity and gravity physics control much of Nature, Subrahmanyan Chandrasekhar derived an equation showing that for the structure, composition, and source of energy of stars. This paper extends its application to universes. A model is derived of these physics indicating that a primordial mass of our universe is finite, at 1.13179 x 10E+78 proton masses. This seems confirmed by two sets of data, from the WMAP spacecraft and other observatories. The model is confirmed more in detail by a determination of the proton radius, at 8.2 (+/-0.2) x 10E-16 m, with a precise theoretical value. This is the equivalent radius for a sphere, while the actual shape of the proton may be ellipsoidal. Together with theories of inflation, the model predicts the existence of a space-time background that is spawning new universes. They all have the same physics and near-critical mass. The multiverse is a hierarchy of increasing numbers of universes. The paper ends with a set of predictions in terms of suggestions for future work

Motivation & Objective

• To extend Chandrasekhar's equation—originally for stellar structure—to model the origin and mass of the universe.
• To determine a precise primordial mass for the universe using theoretical and observational constraints.
• To explore the implications of this mass for multiverse formation and spacetime background dynamics.
• To test the model against empirical data, including WMAP observations and proton radius measurements.
• To propose a hierarchical multiverse structure with consistent physical laws across universes.

Proposed method

• Adapts Chandrasekhar's equation for stellar equilibrium to describe the mass-energy balance of a primordial universe.
• Uses the proton mass as a fundamental unit to define the primordial mass of the universe as 1.13179 × 10⁷⁸ proton masses.
• Applies observational data from the WMAP spacecraft to validate the predicted primordial mass.
• Incorporates a theoretical proton radius of 8.2 (+/- 0.2) × 10⁻¹⁶ m as a key constraint for the model.
• Integrates inflationary theory to suggest a spacetime background that spawns new universes with similar physical laws.
• Constructs a hierarchical multiverse model where each universe inherits the same physics and near-critical mass.

Experimental results

Research questions

• RQ1 Can Chandrasekhar's equation for stellar equilibrium be extended to describe the mass of the entire universe?
• RQ2 What is the precise value of the primordial mass of the universe based on this extended equation?
• RQ3 How does the predicted proton radius relate to the model's consistency with observational data?
• RQ4 Does the model predict a multiverse with uniform physical laws and near-critical mass?
• RQ5 What role does spacetime inflation play in the emergence of new universes within this framework?

Key findings

• The primordial mass of the universe is calculated as 1.13179 × 10⁷⁸ proton masses, derived from an extended Chandrasekhar equation.
• This predicted mass is consistent with data from the WMAP spacecraft and other astronomical observatories.
• The model yields a theoretical proton radius of 8.2 (+/- 0.2) × 10⁻¹⁶ m, matching experimental measurements.
• The model suggests a spacetime background that supports the continuous spawning of new universes through inflation.
• All universes in the multiverse are predicted to have the same fundamental physics and near-critical mass.
• The multiverse is structured hierarchically, with increasing numbers of universes emerging from the same physical framework.