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[论文解读] Quantum Teleportation with Telecom Photons from Remote Quantum Emitters

Tim Strobel, Michal Vyvlečka|arXiv (Cornell University)|Nov 19, 2024
Quantum Information and Cryptography被引用 4
一句话总结

该论文通过使用来自两个远程半导体量子点的电信波长光子,实现了全光子量子 teleportation,采用量子频率转换技术消除光谱失配,实现高保真度贝尔态测量。实现了 0.721(33) 的后选择性 teleportation 保真度,超过经典极限,标志着基于半导体量子点的可扩展量子网络的重要进展。

ABSTRACT

The quest for a global quantum internet is based on the realization of a scalable network which requires quantum hardware with exceptional performance. Among them are quantum light sources providing deterministic, high brightness, high-fidelity entangled photons and quantum memories with coherence times in the millisecond range and above. To operate the network on a global scale, the quantum light source should emit at telecommunication wavelengths with minimum propagation losses. A cornerstone for the operation of such a quantum network is the demonstration of quantum teleportation. Here we realize full-photonic quantum teleportation employing one of the most promising platforms, i.e. semiconductor quantum dots, which can fulfill all the aforementioned requirements. Two remote quantum dots are used, one as a source of entangled photon pairs and the other as a single-photon source. The frequency mismatch between the triggered sources is erased using two polarization-preserving quantum frequency converters, enabling a Bell state measurement at telecommunication wavelengths. A post-selected teleportation fidelity of up to 0.721(33) is achieved, significantly above the classical limit, demonstrating successful quantum teleportation between light generated by distinct sources. These results mark a major advance for the semiconductor platform as a source of quantum light fulfilling a key requirement for a scalable quantum network. This becomes particularly relevant after the seminal breakthrough of addressing a nuclear spin in semiconductor quantum dots demonstrating long coherence times, thus fulfilling another crucial step towards a scalable quantum network.

研究动机与目标

  • 通过使用电信波长光子最小化光纤中传播损耗,实现长距离量子通信。
  • 利用量子频率转换克服来自远程量子发射器的光子之间的光谱与偏振可区分性。
  • 在由不同远程半导体量子点生成的光子之间实现高保真度量子 teleportation。
  • 展示一种基于半导体量子点作为纠缠光子源和单光子源的可扩展量子网络平台。
  • 将量子频率转换与贝尔态测量相结合,实现在远程节点间光子的不可区分性干涉。

提出的方法

  • 利用两个远程的 InAs/GaAs 自组织量子点:一个作为纠缠光子对源,另一个作为单光子源。
  • 应用保持偏振的量子频率转换器,将两个源的发射波长均移至电信 C 波段(1550 nm),以最小化光纤传播损耗。
  • 利用频率转换器消除触发源之间的频率失配,从而实现高保真度量子干涉。
  • 使用基于光纤的干涉仪(50:50 光束分离器和保持偏振的光纤)对电信波长光子执行贝尔态测量(BSM)。
  • 采用时间分辨探测,时间窗口为 70 ps,以抑制背景噪声和三光子符合事件。
  • 通过理论建模,考虑因精细结构分裂(FSS)、装置双折射性和时间抖动导致的偏振模重叠退化,估计偏振重叠因子 $ M_p \text{ in } [0.8, 0.9] $。
Figure 1 : Quantum teleportation setup: (a) schematic of the experiment where QD $1$ is used as a single-photon source (SPS), while QD $2$ is used as an entangled pair source (EPS). Two independent quantum frequency converters are employed to convert the biexciton photons to a common telecommunicati
Figure 1 : Quantum teleportation setup: (a) schematic of the experiment where QD $1$ is used as a single-photon source (SPS), while QD $2$ is used as an entangled pair source (EPS). Two independent quantum frequency converters are employed to convert the biexciton photons to a common telecommunicati

实验结果

研究问题

  • RQ1能否在由两个不同远程半导体量子点生成的光子之间,利用电信波长光子实现量子 teleportation?
  • RQ2量子频率转换在多大程度上可缓解来自不同量子点源的光子之间的光谱与偏振可区分性?
  • RQ3在全光子设置中,使用来自远程发射器的频率转换光子,可实现的 teleportation 保真度是多少?
  • RQ4实验中的非理想因素(如 FSS、双折射性和时间抖动)如何影响偏振模重叠与 teleportation 保真度?
  • RQ5确定性量子点与频率转换的结合能否实现可扩展、光纤兼容的量子网络节点?

主要发现

  • 实现了 0.721(33) 的后选择性量子 teleportation 保真度,显著超过经典极限的 2/3,证实了量子信息的成功传输。
  • 保真度受限于因精细结构分裂(FSS)导致的光谱与空间可区分性,偏振模重叠因子 $ M_p^{\text{FSS}} = 0.94 $,并因装置双折射性和时间抖动产生额外退化。
  • 理论模型预测,偏振模重叠 $ M_p $ 落于区间 [0.8, 0.9] 之间,考虑了双折射性和退相干时间的不确定性。
  • 在 70 ps 时间窗口下,有效符合事件与所有检测符合事件的比率为 0.85,表明对背景和三光子事件的有效抑制。
  • 实验表明,量子频率转换可实现远程量子点之间光子的高保真度干涉,这是迈向全球量子网络的关键一步。
  • 结果验证了半导体量子点作为量子网络可扩展平台的潜力,尤其在近期长自旋相干时间进展之后。
Figure 2 : Linewidth and interference of remote quantum light sources : (a) High-resolution linewidth measurements of the QDs biexciton emissions ( $\ket{H}$ component) after quantum frequency conversion, recorded with a Fabry-Pérot interferometer, also depicting their spectral overlap. The data poi
Figure 2 : Linewidth and interference of remote quantum light sources : (a) High-resolution linewidth measurements of the QDs biexciton emissions ( $\ket{H}$ component) after quantum frequency conversion, recorded with a Fabry-Pérot interferometer, also depicting their spectral overlap. The data poi

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