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[论文解读] Bubbles enable volumetric negative compressibility in metastable elastocapillary systems

Davide Caprini, F. Battista|arXiv (Cornell University)|Oct 11, 2023
Electrospun Nanofibers in Biomedical ApplicationsMaterials Science参考文献 52被引用 3
一句话总结

本文提出了一种亚稳态弹性毛细系统(MES),通过利用毛细力预先压缩弹性材料,并借助疏水孔洞中可逆的液体侵入释放应变,实现了巨大的体积负压缩性。该方法在毫米尺度超材料中实现了超过−10⁷ TPa⁻¹的创纪录负压缩性,性能优于以往系统数个数量级。

ABSTRACT

Although coveted in applications, few materials expand when subject to compression or contract under decompression, i.e., exhibit the negative compressibility phenomenon. A key step to achieve such counterintuitive behaviour is the destabilisations of (meta)stable equilibria of the constituents. Here, we propose a simple strategy to obtain negative compressibility exploiting capillary forces both to precompress the elastic material and to release such precompression by a threshold phenomenon -- the reversible formation of a bubble in a lyophobic flexible cavity. We demonstrate that the solid part of such metastable elastocapillary systems displays negative compressibility across different scales: hydrophobic microporous materials, proteins, and millimetre-sized laminae. This concept is applicable to fields such as porous materials, biomolecules, sensors and may be easily extended to create unexpected material susceptibilities.

研究动机与目标

  • 开发一种通用的、跨尺度的平台,通过毛细预压缩和可逆相变实现材料中的负压缩性。
  • 通过利用亚稳态,突破平衡系统中体积负压缩性的热力学限制。
  • 证明毛细力可在亚纳米级和宏观系统中诱导大范围、可逆的机械响应。
  • 统一从金属有机框架到生物离子通道等多样化系统中负压缩性的物理机制。
  • 设计并验证一种毫米尺度超材料,其负压缩性达到创纪录水平,适用于技术应用。

提出的方法

  • 利用疏水性、柔性的多孔材料(如ZIF-67)构建亚稳态弹性毛细系统,其中毛细力预先压缩弹性基质。
  • 设计在外部压力作用下可逆的一级相变——液体侵入和排出疏水孔洞,释放储存的弹性能量。
  • 施加静水压力以触发类似阈值的相变,系统在压缩时因毛细驱动的结构弛豫而发生膨胀。
  • 通过应变对压力的导数测量负压缩性,定义为βₗ = (1/a₀)(da/dp),采用X射线和中子散射技术。
  • 设计具有定制疏水性和孔隙率的毫米尺度MES(milliMES),以最大化负压缩性响应。
  • 在先进光子源和国家标准与技术研究院进行原位表征,验证循环中的可逆性和机械稳定性。
Figure 1: Negative Compressibility. ( A ) Sketch of the negative compressibility behaviour of Metastable Elastocapillary Systems (MESs) under hydrostatic pressure and ( B ) summary of the cross-scale and cross-domain concept of MES leading to systems with giant negative compressibility. See also Mov
Figure 1: Negative Compressibility. ( A ) Sketch of the negative compressibility behaviour of Metastable Elastocapillary Systems (MESs) under hydrostatic pressure and ( B ) summary of the cross-scale and cross-domain concept of MES leading to systems with giant negative compressibility. See also Mov

实验结果

研究问题

  • RQ1在亚稳态弹性毛细系统中,毛细力是否可在多个长度尺度上诱导负压缩性?
  • RQ2在机械可逆、纯物理系统中,可实现的最大负压缩性是多少?
  • RQ3毛细预压缩与可逆液体侵入之间的相互作用如何导致压缩时的反直觉膨胀?
  • RQ4MES机制在材料中的通用性程度如何,从亚纳米级MOFs到生物离子通道?
  • RQ5能否将MES平台工程化为用于压力、温度或浓度的阈值开关或传感器?

主要发现

  • 在5 °C下,ZIF-67中的MES平台实现了创纪录的负压缩性,分别为−286 TPa⁻¹(内部压力)和−269 TPa⁻¹(外部压力),较以往记录提升超过1000倍。
  • 毫米尺度MES(milliMES)表现出−10⁷ TPa⁻¹的负压缩性和18%的相对形变,树立了机械性能的新基准。
  • 该机制在超过六个数量级的长度尺度上运行,从亚纳米级孔隙(ZIF-67)到生物离子通道(MscL和BK),展现出普遍的现象学特征。
  • 所有系统中均确认了侵入/排出相变的可逆性,其成核机制不同:亚纳米尺度为蒸气成核,毫米尺度为气泡聚并。
  • 由于蒸气成核容易,ZIF-67表现出尖锐的NC响应;而疏水薄片则表现出更渐进的转变,可实现针对不同应用的可调响应。
  • MES机制使多功能材料的设计成为可能,这些材料兼具压力传感器和阈值开关功能,具有在生物医学设备和智能材料中的应用潜力。
Figure 2: Model of a metastable elastocapillary system exhibiting negative compressibility. ( A ) Sketch of a thought intrusion and extrusion experiment in which (a) two plates kept together by a spring of constant $k$ are immersed in water (b), then the pressure is progressively increased (c) until
Figure 2: Model of a metastable elastocapillary system exhibiting negative compressibility. ( A ) Sketch of a thought intrusion and extrusion experiment in which (a) two plates kept together by a spring of constant $k$ are immersed in water (b), then the pressure is progressively increased (c) until

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