[논문 리뷰] Review of Distributed Quantum Computing. From single QPU to High Performance Quantum Computing

David Barral, F. Javier Cardama외 11명|arXiv (Cornell University)|2024. 04. 01.

Quantum Computing Algorithms and Architecture인용 수 6

한 줄 요약

이 논문은 분산 양자 컴퓨팅(DQC)에 대한 포괄적 조사로, 그 기본 원리, 하드웨어/소프트웨어 스택, 네트워크화 QPU, 분산 알고리즘, 그리고 공개 연구 방향을 다룬다.

ABSTRACT

The emerging field of quantum computing has shown it might change how we process information by using the unique principles of quantum mechanics. As researchers continue to push the boundaries of quantum technologies to unprecedented levels, distributed quantum computing raises as an obvious path to explore with the aim of boosting the computational power of current quantum systems. This paper presents a comprehensive survey of the current state of the art in the distributed quantum computing field, exploring its foundational principles, landscape of achievements, challenges, and promising directions for further research. From quantum communication protocols to entanglement-based distributed algorithms, each aspect contributes to the mosaic of distributed quantum computing, making it an attractive approach to address the limitations of classical computing. Our objective is to provide an exhaustive overview for experienced researchers and field newcomers.

연구 동기 및 목표

• Survey the foundational principles of distributed quantum computing and the role of entanglement, teleportation, and inter-QPU communication.
• Analyze the landscape of hardware devices and interconnection networks enabling DQC.
• Review software stack developments including partitioning, compilation, optimization, and mapping for distributed execution.
• Examine distributed algorithms and applications, and identify challenges and future directions.

제안 방법

• Layered full-stack model aligning hardware, network, development, and application layers for DQC.
• Survey of quantum entanglement, teleportation variants (teledata, entanglement swapping, telegate), and their role in DQC.
• Assessment of quantum devices (QPUs, transducers, memories, repeaters, routers/switches) for entanglement distribution.
• Discussion of quantum communication protocols, networked architectures, and their integration with HPC environments.
• Analysis of existing demonstrations and milestones across technologies to illustrate state of the art.

실험 결과

연구 질문

• RQ1 What are the fundamental principles and components enabling distributed quantum computing across multiple QPUs?
• RQ2 How do hardware platforms and interconnects (transducers, memories, repeaters) enable scalable DQC?
• RQ3 What software stack methods (partitioning, compilation, optimization, mapping) and distributed algorithms enable effective execution on distributed quantum systems?
• RQ4 What are the main challenges and promising directions for achieving high-performance quantum computing through distributed approaches?

주요 결과

• A layered full-stack view is useful to unify hardware, network, development, and application aspects of DQC.
• Quantum entanglement and teleportation (teledata, entanglement swapping, telegate) are central to distributing quantum information and operations.
• A variety of quantum devices (QPUs, transducers, memories, repeaters, routers) are being developed to enable modular, scalable quantum networks.
• Quantum repeaters and entanglement distillation are essential for long-distance entanglement distribution and reliable teleportation.
• There is emphasis on integrating quantum systems with classical HPC to form quantum-centric HPC centers, as illustrated by industry movements such as IBM Quantum System Two.